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8 ways to make sure you grow happier as you get older

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retirement retirees

  • There are steps you can take to increase your chances of happiness down the line.
  • Large decisions, like getting a new job, can improve your long-term happiness. Smaller habit changes — such as volunteering or scheduling a call with your parents — can have similar impacts as well.
  • Here are eight ways to improve your long-term happiness.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

As more people work longer hours, causing burnout to officially become a clinical disease, the daily grind can have you feeling down.

Being happy is important for long-term health. Happiness has been linked to better immune systems and faster wound healing, both factors that lead to a longer lifespan.

Read more:Burnout is now officially recognized as a medical condition. Here are the symptoms you should know about.

Even if things seem down now, there are steps you can take to prime yourself for happiness down the line. Whether it be large decisions like getting a new job or purchasing a new home, small efforts like volunteering on the weekends can do wonders for your long-term happiness.

Here are eight scientifically proven ways to increase your happiness. 

Don't overwork yourself.

If you find yourself feeling lousy a lot of the time, it might be your job.

While a bad day or week on the job is normal, a hostile work environment can lead to depression, according to Amy Morin, psychotherapist and author of "13 Things Mentally Strong People Don't Do." Plus, overworking yourself is one of the biggest regrets dying people have about life.

If you find yourself constantly thinking about your job, having difficulty getting out of bed, and even becoming physically ill, it might be time to quit your job and find something that will lead to more happiness down the line.

 



Spend more time with your family.

Another top regret dying people have is not spending enough time with family and friends.

Studies back up the importance of having strong familial ties to long-term happiness. Around 93% of men who experienced happiness later in life had good relationships with a brother or sister, according to a study that tracked the lives of 268 men for 72 years.

If you're struggling to balance your time, the act of scheduling blocks where you just focus on your family can make you less stressed and happier, time-management expert Laura Vanderkam, author of "Off the Clock," told Business Insider correspondent Shana Lebowitz.

 

 



Try to settle down in a place close to where you work.

A shorter drive to work can make you happier, according to a study out of the University of the West of England that looked at 26,000 employee commutes over five years.

The researches found every extra minute you spend commuting reduces job satisfaction and worsens your mental health. In fact, adding 20 minutes to your commute per day has the same effect on your job satisfaction as receiving a 19% pay cut.

To increase your future happiness, try moving somewhere you know will be close to where you work.

 

 



Help others by doing volunteer work.

Helping others helps you.

In a 2013 review of 40 studies done in the last two decades, researchers found volunteering can make you happier, and can even prolong your life. People who volunteer say not only does it improve their mood, it helps them manage chronic illness and lowers stress, a Happify survey found. Finally, a 2017 study found when people help others, it activates regions in the brain that make you happy.



Keep in touch with your friends.

Maintaining friendships could be the key to a longer, happier life.

In an Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging, researchers found people with more friends outlive those with the fewest by 22%. It's no wonder one of the biggest regrets dying people have is not keeping in touch with their friends.

While your friend group tends to shrink as you get older, you can bolster your social network by visiting the same places frequently (also known as "becoming a regular").



Practice gratitude.

Focusing on what you have instead of what you lack, leaves you feeling more satisfied in the long-run. 

A study from the University of California-Davis asked volunteers to keep a weekly record of things they were grateful for. In 10 weeks, they reported feeling more optimistic about their lives and even felt physically healthier.

Practicing gratitude can even make you more successful. Business Insider found highly successful individuals like Oprah Winfrey and Richard Branson all take a few minutes of time to focus on what they are thankful for.

 



Make small talk.

Being friendly makes you happier. 

A 2014 study found people who made small talk with their barista left happier than those who stayed silent. They instructed participants to make brief but genuine conversation, while smiling and making eye contact. 

Taking just a few minutes to talk to the barista left study subjects feeling happier than those who didn't. "Humans are designed to have social interaction," researcher Elizabeth Dunn previously told Business Insider. "These interactions are incredibly important for our overall well-being, and even the smallest ones can make a difference."

 



Exercise often.

Exercising increases endorphins in your brain and improves your self image— both ways to make you happier. In fact, exercising can improve your happiness even more than having more money can, according to a study tracking the physical behavior and mental mood of 1.2 million Americans.

Strength training and aerobic training are particularly good at decreasing depression and improving long-term heart health, according to recent research— so pick up the dumbbells if you want to live a healthier and happier life down the road.

 

 




The 25 best majors if you want a big paycheck right out of college

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Electrical Power Engineering

With back-to-school season around the corner, college students may be feeling the stress of picking the right dorm roommate, the right classes, and most importantly, the right major. For those who don't know what to do with their careers, it may help to pick the major that promises the biggest paycheck.

Using data that OneClass compiled from PayScale, we found the 25 college majors with the highest average mid-career salaries. We also noted early career salaries, possible careers with that major, and a "high meaning" rating, based on the percentage of workers who said their jobs made the world a better place. Graduate school degrees were excluded, so most well-paying bachelor's degree holders are engineers.

You may find your major or career on this list. Or, if you're still deciding on a major, you may find one that's right for you.

SEE ALSO: The 30 highest-paying jobs in Texas, where everything's bigger — including the salaries

Managerial economics majors have a mid-career salary of $117,800 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Asset management researcher, cash management specialist, commercial credit analyst, consultant, corporate finance associate.

Early career pay: $60,800

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 38%

Source: Bentley University



Engineering science majors have a mid-career salary of $118,000 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Civil engineer, design drafter, software test engineer, industrial engineer.

Early career pay: $63,900

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 39%

Source: Zippia



Electrical engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $118,100 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Aerospace engineering, bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, engineering management.

Early career pay: $69,900

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 52%

Source: Worldwide Learn



Construction engineering management majors have a mid-career salary of $118,200 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Building control surveyor, building services engineer, building surveyor, construction manager, estates manager, quantity surveyor, site engineer, sustainability consultant.

Early career pay: $64,000

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 45%

Source: Prospects



Engineering physics majors have a mid-career salary of $119,100 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Accelerator operator, applications engineer, data analyst, design engineer, high school physics teacher.

Early career pay: $65,400

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 48%

Source: Ohio State University



Computer engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $120,000 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Computer programmer, mechanical engineer, electrical engineer, industrial engineer.

Early career pay: $72,600

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 45%

Source: Learn How to Become



Computer science and engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $120,100 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Software developer, database administrator, computer hardware engineer, computer systems analyst, computer network architect, web developer.

Early career pay: $74,000

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 44%

Source: The Balance Careers



Electrical and computer engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $120,400 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Computer network architects, software developers, computer hardware engineers.

Early career pay: $71,100

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 51%

Source: Computer Science Online



Ocean engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $121,200 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Ocean engineer, naval architect, structural engineer, marine engineer, mechanical engineer.

Early career pay: $68,900

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: N/A

Source:Florida Institute of Technology



Nuclear engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $121,700 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Electrical engineer, machinist mate, radiological engineer.

Early career pay: $70,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 59%

Source: Zippia



Electrical power engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $122,300 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Power engineer, utilities engineer.

Early career pay: $71,300

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 65%

Source: All About Careers



Aeronautical engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $122,500 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Commercial aerospace engineers, spacecraft designers, engineering, science and data processing managers, inspectors and compliance officers, mechanical engineers.

Early career pay: $67,900

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 70%

Source: Worldwide Learn



Actuarial science majors have a mid-career salary of $123,500 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Actuary

Early career pay: $62,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 45%

Source:Etched Actuarial



Marine engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $126,500 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Marine mechanical engineer, waterfront project engineer.

Early career pay: $72,600

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 73%

Source:College Grad



(Tie) Chemical Engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $126,900 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Chemical engineer

Early career pay: $71,800

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 54%

Source:College grad



(Tie) Economics and mathematics majors have a mid-career salary of $126,900 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Cryptographer, mathematician, economist, actuary, financial planner.

Early career pay: $63,200

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 36%

Source:Richmond School of Arts and Sciences



Business analysis majors have a mid-career salary of $129,800 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Consultant, solution architect role or a pre-sales consultant, product manager, lead business analyst, project manager.

Early career pay: $53,400

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 49%

Source:BA Times



Systems engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $131,200 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Computer science, software engineering, information systems, computer networking.

Early career pay: $70,800

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 52%

Source:The Balance Careers



Aeronautics and astronautics majors have a mid-career salary of $133,300 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Aeronautical engineer, astronautical engineer.

Early career pay: $71,400

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 52%

Source:All About Careers



(Tie) Building science majors have a mid-career salary of $135,000 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Building scientist, code official, fire protection engineer, sustainability specialist.

Early career pay: $50,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 33%

Source:WBDG



(Tie) Public accounting majors have a mid-career salary of $135,000 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Public accountant

Early career pay: $60,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 51%

Source:AICPA



Chemical and biomolecular engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $138,100 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Chemical engineer, biomolecular engineer.

Early career pay: $71,900

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 42%

Source:University of Maryland



Actuarial mathematics majors have a mid-career salary of $158,100 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Actuary.

Early career pay: $54,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 46%

Source:Etched Actuarial



Operations research and industrial engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $166,300 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Industrial engineer.

Early career pay: $79,600

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: N/A

Source:College Grad



Petroleum engineering majors have a mid-career salary of $183,600 a year

Possible jobs with this major: Information specialist, petroleum engineer.

Early career pay: $82,700

Percentage of workers who say their job makes the world a better place: 60%

Source:College Grad



PRESENTING: Everything you need to know about becoming your own boss and making more than you did at your full-time job

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freelance

  • Striking out on your own as a full-time freelancer is exciting and daunting. There's no one way to do it.
  • These guides and tips will help you if you're thinking of turning your side hustle into full-time work — or if you simply want to know how to leave the office grind behind.
  • They include tips from full-time freelancers who pull in six-figure incomes, email templates for successfully bringing in new clients, and the most important networks you should know.
  • Business Insider's panel of freelance experts regularly weigh in on what it takes to strike out on your own successfully. You can read all of the following stories by subscribing to BI Prime.

Below is a list of guides to help freelancers through the process of deciding to go full-time, building their networks, and how to potentially make six-figures while self-employed.

SEE ALSO: HOW TO START A BUSINESS: The ultimate guides for founders on launching a company, raising money, and becoming wildly successful

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Ray Dalio shares what he's learned from his succession plan at the world's largest hedge fund

6 major trends that impact brand growth

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Growing sales and share for CPG brands has never been more challenging. Consumers are now armed with an escalating array of product choices and buying options. This panoply of item availability and instant access to digital and physical buying channels has created a challenge for brands looking to accelerate. Resulting category growth for most brands is negative or in the single digits.

Change for CPG brands is a constant, but significant shifts in consumer behaviors and an onslaught of nimble competitors puts increased pressure on brand growth. Catalina's real-time view of shopper behavior across over 500 million shopper IDs at 44,000 retail locations shines a light on the brand growth dilemma with a view of many of its contributing factors.

1. Ingredients drive the sale

Natural and organic ingredient-based purchase motivations are driving share away from legacy brands that are less transparent about what goes into their products. Recent Catalina data shows that organic seekers will try products at a 56% higher rate and will increase their purchase volume by 150% when targeted with products featuring organic ingredients.

2. Millennials crave discovery

Millennials can demonstrate loyalty but are constantly in search of new items and solutions. In fact, 69% say they crave adventure, and this extends into their food choices. Melanie Felgate, Senior Consumer Analyst for GlobalData, says, "Millennials are more open to new and innovative concepts, indicative of a wider exposure to foreign cultures and products from an early age compared to their senior peers." Catalina data shows that only 11% of brand buyers remain loyal after 12 months, making volume-driving efforts a constant battle to retain and acquire loyal buyers who drive the majority of sales.

3. Appealing to a higher purpose

As consumers bring ethical and social considerations into their purchasing, upstart challengers are stealing consumers with both their products and their missions. Purpose-driven millennial consumers make purchase decisions based on brand values, which can be a proxy for the quality and trust that prior generations had put into legacy brands.

4. Incentives change behavior

According to Inmar, coupons and deals still have a significant impact on shopper behavior: Of consumers who used a coupon in the last three months of 2017, 83% reported the coupon changed their shopping behavior — motivating them to buy more, buy sooner, and/or buy a brand they would not have otherwise. The same holds true for millennial shoppers: Roughly 40% of millennials said they look for print coupons on a weekly basis — that's even higher than the percentage who say they look for coupons online.

5. Small brands dominate the shelf

Retail penetration is a strategic priority for small brands looking for growth. These brands realize significant volume gains through strong retail partnerships. According to Honest Tea, distribution increased from 15,000 to 100,0000 retail stores after the acquisition by Coca-Cola. Half of the 200 top selling new items of 2017 came from companies with less than $1 billion — a huge increase from just a couple of years earlier, according to IRI. These young high-growth brands have an outsized impact on brands looking to maintain or grow share at retail.

6. Not your grandmother's store brands

Perennially, private label products were known as the inexpensive, lower quality alternative to brands, but no more. Retailers have invested in better branding and higher levels of sophistication in their marketing, attracting consumers who see the relevant value in retailer branded products without the stigma past generations placed on them. Just over half of millennials have no real preference between private label and national brands, according to a study published by Cadent Consulting Group.

Click here to learn more about Catalina.

This post was created by Catalina with Insider Studios.

 

Join the conversation about this story »

10 CEOs that started in entry-level positions at the companies they now lead

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bob iger disney company

While many millennials are known as "job-hoppers," some CEOs of today's biggest companies started at the bottom and became top execs at the same company. 

Some started in distribution centers, while others started their careers on the assembly line. After decades of career moves and changing titles, these people were named CEOs at the company they started at decades before. 

From Wal-Mart to Fidelity, these are the CEOs who started at the bottom and worked their way to the top. 

Mary T. Barra started on the assembly line at General Motors. Now, she's the CEO and chairman of the auto company.

At 18 years old, Mary T. Barra got a job on the assembly line at General Motors, inspecting hoods and fenders. In 1980, Barra became a General Motors Institute co-op student in the Pontiac Motors Division. Over the next few decades, Barra rose in the ranks, taking on a number of titles, including vice president of global human resources and senior vice president of global product development. In 2014, Barra was named CEO of General Motors, and two years later, she became the chairman of the company. 

"Some people are natural-born leaders," Barra told Esquire. "Some people can be great leaders with the right training. Some people are better as individual contributors. Looking at them from above, it's very hard to tell who fits in what category. But the people who work for them can tell you."



Doug McMillon loaded trucks at a Wal-Mart distribution center as a teenager. Now, he's the CEO of the retail company.

In 1984, high schooler Doug McMillon took a job loading trucks at a Wal-Mart distribution center so that he could earn money for college. At the time, he earned $6.50 an hour. Since then, he rose through the ranks at the company, taking on titles like assistant store manager, buyer in merchandising, and CEO of Sam's Club. In 2014, he was named CEO of Wal-Mart. 

"Having been here a long time, I think I had the feeling that I knew what responsibility felt like," McMillon told Fortune in 2015. "And then you move into the role and you find out there's a whole 'nother level of it."



Bob Iger started as a weatherman on a local ABC news station. Today, he is the CEO of the Walt Disney Company.

In 1973, Rober Iger started his career as a weatherman at a news station in Ithaca, New York. He then moved to New York City where he became a studio facility supervisor at ABC, which is owned by the Walt Disney Company. He then moved on to ABC Sports and later to the head of programming at ABC. In 2005, Iger was named CEO of the company. 

"What I've really learned over time is that optimism is a very, very important part of leadership," Iger told the New York Times in 2009. "However, you need a dose of realism with it. People don't like to follow pessimists."

 

 



Chris Rondeau started as a front desk receptionist at his local Planet Fitness. Today, he is the CEO of the fitness company.

In 1993, Chirs Rondeau joined Planet Fitness as a front desk receptionist in New Hampshire. He rose through the ranks at the company, and in 2013, Rondeau was named CEO of Planet Fitness. 

"I started working out when I was 16 -- I was kind of a meathead back then," Rondeau told Entrepreneur. "At 19, I got my first job at the gym working the front desk. I've had many steps along the way from working the front desk to different management roles to the COO role until I became CEO in 2013. Over so many years of doing so, it was kind of like different levels of schooling. You couldn't go from one to the other without having all these different roles in the meantime to learn from."



Michael Corbat started in the sales department of a bank owned by CitiGroup. Now, he's the CEO of the banking company.

After graduating from Harvard in 1983, Michael Corbat joined the sales department at Salomon Brothers, which merged with Citigroup a few years later. Since then, Corbat has risen through the ranks, becoming CEO of Citi's global wealth management and head of the global corporate. In 2012, he was named CEO of Citigroup. 

"Through the grace of God, through hard work, I got to where I am," Corbat told CNBC. "So I am that person that looked up and said maybe if I work hard enough I can get there."

 



Samuel Allen started as an industrial engineer at John Deere. Now, he's the CEO of the manufacturing company.

In 1975, Samuel Allen began his career at John Deere as an industrial engineer. Since then, he has become the president of worldwide construction and forest division. In 2009, he was named CEO of John Deere and became chairman of the board. 

"I've had the good fortune not only to spend my whole career here, but also to be in a lot of different areas of the company," Allen told Industry Week in 2011. "I spent part of my career in construction and forestry, part of it in the engine business, part of it in the ag business, manufacturing and running geographic regions from a sales/marketing standpoint. So it's been the diversity of exposure and experiences that's been really good from a professional standpoint.



Alex Gorsky started as a sales rep at a Johnsons & Johnson subsidiary. Today, he is the CEO of the pharmaceutical company.

In 1988, Alex Gorsky became a salesman at Janssen Pharmaceutica, a subsidiary of the Johnson & Johnson company. Over the years, he held many titles at the pharmaceutical company with sales and marketing. In 2012, he was named CEO and chairman of Johnson & Johnson. 

"Your number one job as CEO is to make sure that you're on the right strategy, that the company is running well, and that you win the hearts and minds of people," Gorsky told the Wharton business school. "You don't need to be a perfect leader, just a great leader that gives a damn."



Greg C. Garland started as a project engineer at Phillips 66. Today, he is the CEO of the manufacturing and gas company.

In 1980, Greg C. Garland joined Phillips 66 as a project engineer at the Plastics Technical Center. He moved on to become a sales engineer, a business service manager, and a business development director at the company. In 2011, 22 years after starting at the company, Garland was named CEO and chairman of Phillips 66. 

"I graduated 34 years ago as a chemical engineer," Garland said in a speech. "I'm the first person in my family to go to college. My dad was a union guy that worked at Union Car by Texas City and worked his way up to supervision. He said, 'Greg, I don't care what you do, just don't be an engineer.' It was a great decision. I sent him a business card that said chairman and CEO, and he got a kick out of that."



Karen Kaplan started as a receptionist at Hill Holliday. Today, she is CEO of the marketing company.

At 22 years old, Karen Kaplan took a receptionist job at Hill Holliday in 1982 to save money for law school. Instead, she rose through the ranks at the marketing company, having 16 different titles. Three decades later, Kaplan was named CEO of Hill Holliday. 

"I was going to be the best damned receptionist in history and that's how I approached the job," Kaplan told Fortune in 2014. "I took it really seriously. I didn't just bide my time out there."



Abigail Johnson started answering phones at Fidelity, and today, she is CEO of the investment company.

Although Abigail Johnson's father was the longtime CEO of Fidelity, she started at the bottom before taking over her for her father. The summer between high school and college, Johnson took customer orders and talked directly with customers as a service operator. She returned to the company after college as an analyst. Over the years, she took on a number of roles throughout Fidelity, ultimately, being named CEO in 2014. 

"I was responsible for filling out the forms to correctly put in order the transactions that they were requesting," Johnson told Fortune. "It was a pretty basic job. But it gave me an appreciation of what it was like to be responsible for really important things in people's lives and making sure that they were always done accurately and correctly."



I've been working and traveling abroad for 2 years and I never plan a trip in advance. Here are my best tips for booking travel at the last minute.

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  • I've been living and working abroad for almost three years, and I always book my travel last-minute.
  • Waiting until the last minute to book your flights and housing can save you money if you know the best strategies.
  • Here are 12 of my best tips for booking travel at the last minute.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

In 2016, in an effort to get away from the bustle and noise of big-city life, I accepted a job taking care of goats at a remote home in the Swiss Alps, nothing but mountains and silence around. 

The only catch? I had just over a week to get there.

When you book travel last minute, it means you need to get creative and become more than a little flexible with your plans.

For me, the cheapest option was to take a series of three flights from Chicago to Boston to Iceland to Paris, and then finally taking a train to Switzerland. 

Related:I've been living and traveling in Europe for 2 years — here are 9 things that are cheaper abroad than in the US

In essence, it cost me under $400 to leave the US and start a new life abroad, and ach form of transportation was booked last-minute. Now, I've been living anomadic life for two and a half years and I continue to book everything from flights to housing in the same way.

With that in mind, here are my best tips for booking travel at the last minute, so you'll never have to plan a trip in advance again.

SEE ALSO: I moved from LA to a town of 2,300 people — here were the biggest culture shocks I faced in small-town America

DON'T MISS: I'm an American who lived in Sweden for 5 years — here are the biggest cultural differences between the 2 countries

If you're flying in the US, use Southwest

Southwest mainly flies within the US and neighboring countries, such as Mexico. 

Southwest's Low Fare Calendar is great for last-minutetravel. Let's say you see a flight from LA to Chicago for $99. A few minutes later, it goes up to $150 — but don't panic. Just keep refreshing your browser every few minutes — and also try your search from an incognito window.Clearing your cache and cookies will help, too.

And, 9.9 times out of 10, a flight will become available again for the $99. If not, you can get the $150 one in the meantime and when you see the $99 pop up again, exchange it for that for no fee. You'll get the remaining $51 as a flight credit that's good for a year.

Also, if you don't check into your flight and suddenly cannot take it, you cancancel it even up to 10 minutes beforehand. And, yes, you'll get a flight credit to use within a year. You can also get a monetary refund if you cancel a flight within 24 hours of booking it.

Plus, the fact that you can check two bags for free when taking Southwest is a big bonus — especially with higher-priced baggage fees these days.



Cross-reference your cheap flights with Expedia.

In the US, I often cross-reference Southwest prices with Expedia ones. The latter, too, allows you to cancel your flight within 24 hours for no fee. You'll get a full refund, no questions asked.

If you use Expedia abroad, however, this is not always possible due to various airlines' restrictions. So be more cognizant before booking and call Expedia to see how much of the flight you'll be refunded should you cancel.



Use Skyscanner if you are flexible in your travel times and your destination

The travel fare aggregator siteSkyscanner is a last-minute traveler's dream come true. Not only can you select "Whole Month" if you want to see the cheapest prices all at once from month-to-month, but if you aren't sure where to go, you can choose "Everywhere" and then go from there.

Like my experience taking three planes and a train to get to Switzerland, you may find, it's cheaper to combine modes of transportation to get to your destination rather than taking a single direct flight.



If you have a set budget, use Kayak

With Kayak's "explore" tool, you can type in your departure city and then how much you want to spend and what month or dates you'd like to travel. For example, you can put in Los Angeles, $150, and select the month of August (or particular dates) and see what options are available.



Always try budget airlines when you're traveling abroad

I spend most of my time country-hopping in Europe, so in addition to Skyscanner, I also check flight fares on the budget airlinesRyanair andWizz Air— which often have flights for around $50 one-way. Ryanair sometimes even offers them for around $10.

However, read the fine print when you book with these airlines. Ryanair flights can be changed (but not cancelled) up to 2.5 hours before you fly, but are non-refundable. Wizz Air, on the other hand, will give you a partial refund based on when you cancel, or flight credit if you join their Discount Club.  

You'll get other perks with the Wizz Air Discount Club membership, too, such as priority check-in and a flexible ticket, depending on which membership you get. If you're flying within Europe often within a calendar year, I'd recommend the membership.



Use flight alerts

With any airline or flight aggregator sites you use, signing up for flight alerts can help you, too, as they'll tell you when flights go up — or down — in cost.



Don't plan on booking last-minute when it's high tourism season

Some times of year are more conducive to last-minute travel than others.

Dubrovnik, Croatia, is my favorite city, and July and August are the busiest times of year for tourism. Flights and lodging are both more expensive that time of year, so if last-minute travel is my goal, I wouldn't attempt it that time of year.



Use Rome2rio to figure out your transportation at the last minute

Rome2rio is a great site that'll show you how much it will cost to get from X to Y — by plane, train, bus, ferry, or car (depending on what options are available). So, when you land at an airport, for example, you can use the site to see how you should get to your destination.

That means you don't need to waste tons of time and money planning your transportation, and can safely wait until the last minute to figure it out.



In many places you can rely on Uber or other rideshare apps

As part of my last-minute travels, when I arrive in a new city, I oftentake an Uber to my destination, as they're available in more than 700 cities in 63 countries and usually less expensive than taxis. Plus, they don't require any pre-planning like a shuttle bus might. 

While public transportation is the economical way to go, buses and trains are not always running and lugging your bag on and off potentially un-air-conditioned buses in the summer is not the most convenient option. 

Some countries, such as Italy and Spain, also have ridesharing services for longer distances, such asBlaBlaCar. With the app or website, you can see who's heading to Granada, Spain from Barcelona, for instance, and get a ride that way, often much cheaper than other transportation options.



You can negotiate housing costs — especially if you show up at the property

A great perk in finding housing at the last-minute is the ability to negotiate.

For last-minute accommodation, I useBooking.com andAirbnb— often, you'll see the same places listed on both sites. The great thing about the former is that they'll offer last-minute price cuts and "deals of the day. All fees are included upfront, so there are no additional service or cleaning fees as there are with Airbnb.

If you're not desperate for housing, however, and have some spare time, I'd do a price check on Booking — but don't book — and then go to the property. Especially in the evening, many places are willing to give you a lesser price in person, since they'd rather make some money versus no money.

That's exactly what I did while traveling through Iceland in June, and many properties offered me 20% off without my even asking. One place even told me that's the best way for people to get deals — just show up.

In my experience, you sometimes can get a 50% discount when property owners see you're traveling solo. That discount wouldn't exist if you booked in advance, as online listing prices are usually fixed regardless of the number of travelers in your party.

If, however, you use Airbnb instead, I recommend messaging a few places versus just choosing one. Although it's great that Airbnb has an "Instant Book" feature — so a host does not have to approve your request and you can head right over to the property — it's best to try negotiating with a few places first.

To do so, find a few options you like around the same price range and then ask the more expensive ones to match the lowest-price one by creating a "special offer" for you — they can reduce the price of the room or remove the cleaning fee. This is not foolproof, but works more often than not.



Get free, last-minute housing with CouchSurfing

CouchSurfing.com is another great resource to find last-minute housing — and it's free. You just need to spend a few minutes creating a profile and then can look for a place.

Like Airbnb, people write reviews of homes they've stayed in, noting if the description was accurate and the host's level of hospitality. Plus, a "couch" can mean anything from a couch or futon to a spare room or yoga mat on the floor, so there's a wide range of options.



For food, use your phone — or the recommendations of locals

AlthoughGoogle Maps' "Explore" option and theFoursquare app are great ways to find restaurants for a last-minute meal, I also ask locals for their recommendations, whether it's my Uber driver or a shopkeeper. That way, you can eat at a truly authentic place where the locals go, versus one made for tourists.



10 books that will give new managers the self-confidence necessary to lead, motivate, and inspire their team

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bill gates reading

  • Business Insider found the 10 best books for new managers looking for advice on how to lead a team.
  • "Drive" by Daniel H. Pink, "How to Win Friends and Influence People" by Dale Carnegiem, and "Things Fall Apart" by Chinua Achebe are some of the best books on how to lead.
  • Click here for more BI Prime content.

Stepping into a management role for the first time can be scary.

It doesn't help that there's a ton of conflicting management advice out there, and sifting through it could take years.

That's why we recommend starting with these 10 books, which offer practical insights on leading a team.

We didn't simply stick with traditional business reads, however: We included novels, psychological research, and even the musings of a Roman emperor.

Each of these books will help prepare you to tackle the myriad challenges of managing people.

SEE ALSO: Here are the books that startup founders highly recommend to other founders

'Drive' by Daniel H. Pink teaches you how to inspire a team to perform at their best.

In this best-selling business book, Pink explains why, contrary to popular belief, extrinsic incentives like money aren't the best way to motivate high performance. Instead, employers should focus on cultivating in their workers a sense of autonomy, mastery, and purpose in order to help them succeed.

Using real-life anecdotes and research, Pink walks readers through each of these three concepts and why they're absolutely crucial in the business world.

Find it here >>



In 'The One Thing You Need to Know,' Marcus Buckingham argues great managers are able to identify their employees' individual strengths and capitalize on them.

This approach, Buckingham says, is considerably more effective than trying to improve people's weak points.

Among the tips he offers for motivating high performance: Set clear expectations, offer praise and recognition, and show people you care about them.

It's a compelling read that will make the transition from managing yourself to managing others easier.

Find it here >>



'Thinking, Fast and Slow' by Daniel Kahneman helps you anticipate the psychological stumbling blocks you and your team will encounter, and give you scientific strategies for overcoming them.

This 2011 best-seller is a favorite of Jack Zenger, cofounder and CEO of leadership consultancy Zenger/Folkman.

Kahneman, a psychologist who won the Nobel Prize in economics, breaks down all of human thought into two systems: the fast and intuitive "System 1," and the slow and deliberate "System 2." Using this framework, he lays out a number of cognitive biases that affect our everyday behavior, from the halo effect to the planning fallacy.

Find it here >>



'Act Like a Leader, Think Like a Leader' by Herminia Ibarra is full of unconventional advice for current and aspiring managers.

Ibarra, a professor at business school INSEAD, suggests leaders act first and then think, so that they learn from experimentation and direct experience. There's even an entire chapter devoted to the dangers of being too authentic at work.

Overall, the book is a reminder that, in order to lead your team to greatness, you'll have to step outside your comfort zone.

Find it here >>



'How to Win Friends and Influence People' by Dale Carnegie is still a best-seller 80 years after its initial publication.

Legendary investor Warren Buffett has even named it one of his favorite books, noting that it helped get him through rough times in high school.

Carnegie's advice focuses on maximizing your interactions with other people — something that will be crucial to your success as a leader, and in life generally. For example: Encourage people to talk about themselves instead of dominating the conversation. Emphasize the things you both agree on.

Overall, the book will help you build the self-confidence necessary to lead, motivate, and inspire your team.

Find it here >>



'Mindset' by Carol Dweck, a Stanford psychologist, made waves among parents and educators when published in 2006.

More recently, Dweck has shown that her ideas apply just as well to the business world. Joe Folkman, president of Zenger/Folkman, says it's one of his favorite reads.

In the book, Dweck suggests that having a "growth" mindset — believing that you can develop skills and talents through hard work — leads to greater success than having a "fixed" mindset, believing that your competencies are what they are.

The takeaway for managers is that encouraging your employees to learn and grow, and emphasizing the potential you see in them, will pay off big.

Find it here >>



'Meditations' by Marcus Aurelius is still relevant and valuable, even if you're managing a few people and not leading an empire.

This English translation of "Meditations" is a collection of personal writings — never meant to be published — by Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor who ruled from A.D. 161 to 180.

In Book 11, Aurelius focuses on the qualities and behaviors that make a great leader, like remembering your fallibility and keeping control over your emotions.

Find it here >>



'Things Fall Apart' by Chinua Achebe makes its point a little more subtly than some of the other leadership tomes out there.

This classic novel, about the spread of British colonialism in a fictional Nigerian village, raises some important questions about what makes a successful leader. For example: What do you do when your ambitions conflict with the group's interests?

In fact, one lecturer at the Stanford Graduate School of Business often includes this book, among other works of fiction, in his curriculum.

Find it here >>



'Now, Discover Your Strengths' by Marcus Buckingham and Donald O. Clifton argues companies can achieve better performance by helping their employees pinpoint their unique talents.

Facebook's HR chief, Lori Goler, says she came across this book early on in her career, and it influenced her personal management philosophy.

The book is centered around the "Clifton Strengths Finder," an online assessment that will help you do just that. The assessment is based on a Gallup study of 2 million people in a range of industries.

Armed with a greater understanding of your individual skills, you can work on becoming a better leader, a better people developer, and a stronger contributor to your organization overall.

Find it here >>



'Good to Great' by Jim Collins uses data to describe what makes leaders great.

Writing in The Harvard Business Review, John Coleman says that this best-seller is required reading for young leaders.

The book is based on a five-year research project that involved identifying companies that leapt from good to great results and comparing them to average companies to figure out the difference between them. Collins distills these results into solid advice on what he calls "Level 5 Leadership" and management strategy.

Find it here >>



This VC firm managing $500 million in assets tries to invest in as few companies as possible. And it only wants startups with management teams looking for help. (AKAM)

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HighBar Partners Managing Director Brian Peters

  • HighBar Partners specializes in funding later-stage startups that are looking to make the jump from a proven business model to exponential growth.
  • Many members of the venture-capital firm's team have experience at startups, and HighBar likes to invest in companies that can benefit from their expertise, managing director Brian Peters said.
  • The firm focuses on the software sector, particular companies that are involved in business-process automation and in helping companies undergo a digital transformation.
  • It particularly likes startups that collect and help customers process or make sense of large amounts of data.
  • Click here for more BI Prime stories.

Venture capital firms have different strategies and philosophies when it comes to their interactions with their portfolio companies. 

Some VC firms take a more laid-back approach, giving founders and executive teams plenty of room to operate. Others are much more interested in playing an active role in their companies, helping direct operations and guide decision-making.

HighBar Partners is on the more active end of the continuum. Most of its team has experience working at and managing startups. A big part of its strategy is to invest in mature startups that have already proven their business models and help them reach exponential growth by working closely with their managers, Brian Peters, a managing director at HighBar, told Business Insider in a recent interview. The firm specifically seeks out founders and managing teams that are looking for the kind of advice and guidance it can offer, he said.

"We're a hands-on investment group," Peters said. He continued: "If the management team is one that's not looking for help ... it might not be the right investment for us."

Read this: One of the first backers of Skype and Wix.com explains why the European startup scene is starting to close the gap with Silicon Valley

That philosophy guides the number and type of investments HighBar makes, Peters said. The firm manages about $500 million in assets. But it has only about a dozen active investments at any one time and it only makes a handful of new ones each year, he said.

"Our model is not high volume," he said. "We're not sitting on 10 boards each."

At a time when tech startups have a broader choice of investors than ever before, from sovereign wealth funds to corporate VC firms like Google's GV and Salesforce Ventures, HighBar is betting a high-touch approach will become increasingly valuable — at least with a certain type of startup.

HighBar's partners work closely with founders

Once HighBar invests in companies, its partners sit down with management teams and go over various aspects of their businesses, Peters said. They look at how well the startups are attracting customers and the effectiveness of their marketing efforts. They scrutinize the companies product innovation processes, he said. And they look at how well the teams are scaling their businesses, and whether they're doing so efficiently or productively.

HighBar likes to establish benchmarks for particular metrics right after it invests and monitor whether those are improving over time, Peters said.

"We're looking to roll up our sleeves with each of these teams," he said.

The firm largely focuses on software companies, Peters said. It's particularly interested in ones that help customers' process and make sense of large amounts of data.

One of its most recent investments, for example, was in Signpost, a New York startup that offers customer relationship management software for local businesses. Founded in 2010, Signpost has collected data on 70 million US consumers. Last month, HighBar led a $52 million late-stage investment in the company.

"We love large data plays," Peters said.

The firm is focusing on the digital transformation and automation

Lately, HighBar has been concentrating on companies that are focused on three big trends — the digital transformation of companies, business process automation, and the move of corporate workflows to mobile devices.

On the digital transformation front, it was an investor in Janrain, a startup that helps companies manage online customer registration and authentication. Akamai bought Janrain in January for $124 million in cash, according to the former's latest quarterly report.

In the mobile workflow area, it's a backer of PatientSafe, a San Diego-based startup that's developed an app for doctors and nurses that helps them keep track of and communicate about treatments for particular patients.

Both investments exemplify its strategy. Both were part of larger, late-stage deals that occurred after the companies had already proven themselves.

"We like to own large stakes in business with a significant capital infusion and leverage our expertise," Peters said.

Got a tip about a startup or venture capital? Contact this reporter via email at twolverton@businessinsider.com, message him on Twitter @troywolv, or send him a secure message through Signal at 415.515.5594. You can also contact Business Insider securely via SecureDrop.

SEE ALSO: Intel invests as much as $500 million in startups each year. Here's what it's looking for in new investments, according to one of its top VCs.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Jeff Bezos is worth over $160 billion — here's how the world's richest man makes and spends his money


From Volkswagens to Paganis to the humble Honda Accord, here are the cars that 10 of the world's wealthiest people have owned

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  • Billionaires like Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Alphabet CEO Larry Page can afford to drive any car they want.
  • While some of them have splurged on Teslas and Paganis, other high-end rides, others have chosen to stick to Ford pickup trucks and Honda Accords.

If you had all the money in the world, what type of car would you buy? Would it be a $3 million Rolls-Royce, a $574,000 Lamborghini Aventador SVJ, or a more subtle Honda Accord? While some multibillionaires have chosen to spend some of their wealth on expensive cars, others have taken a more modest route.

From million-dollar handbuilt cars to common roadsters, these are the cars nine of some of the wealthiest people in the world drive.

Jeff Bezos

Amazon CEO and founder Jeff Bezos owns a 12% stake in Amazon worth about $114.8 billion following his divorce from his ex-wife, MacKenzie. But despite his wealth, a younger Bezos in 1999 still drove a 1996 Honda Accord, two years after the retailer went public.

When asked about his vehicle of choice in a 1999 episode of "60 Minutes," Bezos said, "This is a perfectly good car."

The MSRP in 1996 was $17,890.

Source: Markets Insider, Bloomberg, NADA Guides



Dustin Moskovitz

Facebook and Asana cofounder Dustin Moskovitz has a net worth of $13.4 billion, according to Forbes. Despite his 3% stake in Facebook, Moskovitz stayed frugal. A 2011 profile of Moskovitz in The Seattle Times noted that he drove a Volkswagen R32 at the time.

The MSRP for the R32 in 2008 was $32,000.

Source: Forbes, The Seattle Times



Jack Ma

Jack Ma is the cofounder of the e-commerce and tech conglomerate, The Alibaba Group. The China-based group's 2014 IPO was the world's biggest public stock offering at the time, raising $25 billion.

With a net worth of $37.3 billion, Jack Ma is the second-richest man in China. However, he hs been seen in a Roewe RX5 SUV as recently as October 2018. The RX5's infotainment system is powered by Alibaba's YunOS operating system.

Source: Business Insider, CNBC, Architectural Digest

 



Larry Page

CEO of Alphabet and cofounder of Google Larry Page earned his spot as the 8th richest person in the world. Although he has an annual salary of just one dollar, his net worth is about $53.5 billion as of October 2018.

Larry Page drives a Toyota Prius, according to Reuters. 2019 base price: $23,770

Source: Reuters



Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett, the "Oracle of Omaha" is well-known for his frugal ways. The billionaire CEO of Berkshire Hathaway has pledged to donate 99% of his net worth of $84.2 billion in his lifetime.

Buffet drives a 2014 Cadillac XTS. The MSRP for a new one was $23,500. Before his 2014 Caddy, he owned a 2006 Cadillac DTS.

Source: CNN, Forbes



Elon Musk

The intrepid billionaire CEO of Tesla and SpaceX is known to drive and ride in his own company's cars. Musk famously swapped places with the first person to place an order on the Model 3, and launched his own first-generation Tesla Roadster into space.

Source: Business Insider



Steve Ballmer

Steve Ballmer, the former CEO of Microsoft and current owner of the Los Angeles Clippers, has a net worth of $50.9 billion. 

Ford President and CEO Alan Mulally personally delivered Ballmer's Ford Fusion Hybrid in 2009. Ballmer is a loyal Ford customer because his father was a longtime Ford employee in Detroit. The MSRP of the Fusion Hybrid was $19,500.

Source: The Seattle Times, Forbes



Alice Walton

Alice Walton is one of the heirs to the Walmart fortune and is the second-wealthiest woman in the world. Instead of working for Walmart like her two brothers, Walton decided to curate art, and reportedly has an art collection worth hundreds of millions of dollars.

Walton spent part of her $51.6 billion net worth on her 2006 Ford F-150 King Ranch pickup truck, according to a 2008 Forbes article. The MSRP for the truck that year was $40,930.

Source: Forbes, CNBC



Bill Gates

Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, has a net worth of $103.8 billion, allowing him to own several cars such as the 1988 Porsche 959. He supported the passage of the "Show and Display" law that allowed him to take possession of the 959 after it was imported to the United States.

The 959 debuted in 1988 at $300,000 and was once the fastest car in the world. 

Source: Sotheby's, Forbes, NHTSA



Mark Zuckerberg

The Facebook founder reportedly purchased a Pagani Huayra in 2014, although he has also owned an Acura TSX, Honda Fit, and Volkswagen Golf GTI.

The MSRP for the 2014 Pagani was $1,400,000. Not a huge outlay for a man worth $74.4 billion. 

Source: The Car Guide, Motor1, Forbes



How it cost me $10,000 in 10 weeks to raise a puppy in NYC, and why it's the best money I ever spent

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  • Jessica Frisco, a healthcare professional living in Brooklyn, recently bought a Rhodesian Ridgeback puppy, Lady.
  • In just the first few "magical months" with Lady, she realized she had shelled out more than $10,000 in 10 weeks on the dog's care.
  • Frisco had imagined toys, bedding, and crates would be some of the most significant expenses, but these made up a surprisingly tiny fraction of Lady's overall costs.
  • The biggest splurges were two emergency animal hospital visits, which included tests, ultrasounds, and an unexpected and costly surgery to remove a pair of underwear from the puppy's small intestine.
  • Despite the stress, Frisco says that her puppy provides her with unconditional love — and that she's becoming a more confident dog mom every day. 
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Everyone knows New York City is an expensive place for a person to live, but it may surprise you to know that my puppy in Brooklyn cost me $1,000 a week — and that's not even that uncommon. Any dog lover will admit that once you love a puppy, there's no end to what you'd do to keep them safe and happy.

The cost of owning a dog in Brooklyn shocked me, despite years of planning, saving, and making compromises to fit a dog into my busy lifestyle. 

To prepare for getting a dog, I picked a pet-friendly apartment on a big park in Williamsburg. I enlisted the support of my boyfriend, family, and friends who lived nearby. I landed a good job at a nonprofit healthcare organization and carefully budgeted for the costs of a puppy.

But everyone thinks their plan is great until something goes wrong.  

Over the first few magical months with Lady, I knew I was spending a lot, but I didn't realize I had shelled out more than $10,000 in 10 weeks until I combed through my credit card statements.

Here's how.

SEE ALSO: I was a waitress at 22, but I switched into a fast-paced career and become a millionaire by 30. This is how I did it.

Meet Lady

After months of searching, submitting adoption applications, and doing tons of research on every possible dog available, I decided on a Rhodesian Ridgeback. I grew up with a dog of this breed — who passed away in December 2018 — and I love their floppy ears, playful energy, and sleek, powerful build.

I ended up purchasing the most adorable 8-week old pup, Lady, from the same breeder who sold my family my childhood dog.



Week 0 Total: $95 (Food, $49; Dog tag, $26; Crate, $20)

The week before Lady came home, I spent $49 on a Chewy order that included food, treats, a collar, and pee pads. I also purchased her a dog tag from Etsy and a used crate on Facebook Marketplace for around $20 each.

My parents still had many items from our old dog which they gave to me, including blankets, toys, a leash, and a few different collars. This helped with upfront costs, as I estimate these items would have totaled at least $100 if I'd purchased them new.



Week 1 Total: $2,302 (Dog, $2,000; License, $9; Toys and treats, $23; Vet for first checkup, $171; Walker, $100)

The biggest expense of the first week was Lady herself.

I spent over a year looking for dogs to adopt from shelters — which typically cost around $400 in fees —  but ultimately realized my heart was set on getting another Rhodesian Ridgeback puppy which are very rarely found in shelters.

Shortly after my childhood dog passed away, her breeder was having another litter and marked one of her puppies for me. It was sentimental that my old dog and new puppy would be related!

Eight weeks after the litter was born, I drove to the breeder's Kentucky farm, handed over a check for $2,000, and returned home to Brooklyn with my new baby, Lady.



Week 2 Total: $380 (Classes, $217; Food, $63; Walker, $100)

The first week with a puppy was rough. Lady had crazy energy and, because she wasn't fully vaccinated, couldn't play at the park or be around other adult dogs.

I quickly enrolled her in classes at Petco, where she could be socialized with other puppies and learn to behave. The cost was $216 for 12 weeks which was extremely affordable compared to the $50-per-hour classes in my Williamsburg neighborhood.



Week 3 Total: $349 (Merchandise, $30; Vet for first vaccinations, $219; Walker, $100)

I took Lady for her second appointment at the vet. For $219, she received a physical exam, vaccinations, heartworm pills, and treatment for a parasitic worm commonly found in puppies.

I did have pet insurance through the American Kennel Club but realized from the fine print of the policy that it did not cover exam fees, preventative treatment, or medication for the worm — which was the entirety of her care.



Week 4 Total: $315 (Merchandise, $10; Vet for follow-up after worm, $199; Walker, $106)

In week four, it hit me just how much I was paying for my dog walker. I work in a coworking space that has a dog-friendly policy, and I had planned on being able to bring Lady to work with me every day.

It turned out that my building was dog-friendly, but my boss was not. I did extensive research to find affordable dog walkers through reputable companies so that Lady could be let out during the day, but the lowest rate anywhere was $20 per walk. I chose to go with Swifto, an awesome app that assigns the same walker to your dog each day.

Lady loves her daily walks, but I was cringing at the thought of paying $5,000 a year for this ongoing service.



Week 5 Total: $435 (Food, $55; Health insurance, $87; Merchandise and treats, $33; Vet for second vaccinations, $159; Walker, $100)

Lady is a growing girl! Her food costs around $55 a month, which is shipped directly to my apartment so I can avoid lugging a 40-pound bag down the street.

Her treats were also surprisingly expensive. As an incredibly picky puppy, she exclusively loved Orijen Tundra Freeze-dried Dog Treats, which cost $20 for a small pack and smell strongly of mackerel (ugh).

Luckily, she's since expanded her appetite to include some less expensive treats, and her food overall is a predictable and steady cost.



Week 6 Total: $4,708 (Animal Hospital, $4,628; Walker, $80)

Anyone with a dog will tell you their horror story of a puppy emergency that cost them hundreds, if not thousands, of dollars.

I heard about swallowed tennis balls and month-long bouts of leptospirosis (read: extreme vomiting and diarrhea) but I was confident that by puppy-proofing my apartment, liberal use of the crate, and careful attention to Lady at all times, I could avoid any surprise incidents.

Boy, was I wrong!

Just six weeks in, I had to take Lady to the animal hospital, as she was vomiting every few hours. After a very expensive ultrasound, the doctors found a pair of my underwear (gross!) in her small intestine that was deemed impassable and required surgery. The pet insurance I had barely made a dent in Lady's $5,000 emergency room visit, operation, and recovery costs.



Week 7 Total: $362 (Health insurance, $145; Vet for final vaccinations, $217)

Lady recovered from her operation in Connecticut with my parents, who had the flexibility to care for her around the clock.

Although I was sad to be without Lady for a bit, it didn't hurt that I was saving $100 a week by canceling the dog-walker services. I was ashamed that I'd let Lady get hurt and become yet another dog owner with a costly accident, and was still gawking at the bill.

I decided to increase her pet insurance so that it would cover all wellness visits as well as a greater percentage of any future emergencies. Unfortunately, this skyrocketed the premium to $112 a month, nearly what I pay for my own health insurance. The week ended with Lady returning to Brooklyn for a $217 visit to the vet, where she received her final vaccinations — it was finally time to bring her to the dog park!



Week 8 Total: $497 (Food, $52; Merchandise, $16; Vet for abscess on neck $319; Walker, $110)

At 16 weeks old, Lady had far outgrown the crate she started out in. Large crates can be found for around $100, but luckily my parents still had one from our old dog which they gave to me.

My roommate's dog kindly lets Lady play with his old toys, so I've hardly spent anything on those. I do buy her bones and bully sticks (yes, it's a dried bull penis) especially since she is teething and loves to chew at this stage of her puppyhood.

I had imagined toys, bedding, and crates would be some of the most significant expenses before getting a puppy, but these were surprisingly a tiny fraction of Lady's overall costs.



Week 9 Total: $1,226 (Animal Hospital, $975; Vet, $146; Walker, $105)

I woke up one morning to Lady throwing up her food from the night before. Given how much I pay for insurance coverage, I played it safe and brought her to the emergency room. I thought whatever it was, the doctors should catch it as early as possible.

Fortunately, after testing for an obstruction and running some other tests, they did not find anything wrong with her and Lady went home with me a few hours later.

Unfortunately, I paid nearly $1,000 for the emergency room fee, ultrasound test, and supportive treatment. To my horror, my American Kennel Club plan declined to reimburse me a single cent, claiming that it was for a "recurring incident" that is only covered once per period.



Week 10 Total: $212 (Health insurance, $112; Merchandise, $14; Walker, $86)

I've heard from more than a few dog owners that the puppy years are by far the most stressful and most expensive, and three months in, I definitely agree.

Luckily, I'm a more confident dog mom each day, and settling into a regular routine with fewer surprises. Lady's monthly expenses include $60 for food and treats, $450 for dog-walking services, and $20 for miscellaneous items like doggie bags, toys, and bones.

This spending diary also doesn't capture the hours of uncompensated assistance, training, and guidance I've received from my parents, boyfriend, friends, roommate, and all the dog parents I meet around the neighborhood who graciously share advice and support.

Sure, having a puppy can come with lots of unexpected and brutal costs, but it's in exchange for infinite, unconditional love. 



Total costs

Jessica Frisco is a healthcare quality improvement specialist, community activist, and dog mom living in Brooklyn.



Here's how every state's economy is doing in 2019, ranked from worst to best

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America USA July 4th Independence Day Flag

  • The US economy continues chugging along.
  • For most Americans, local economic conditions are at least as important as the national picture.
  • To get a snapshot of how the smaller economies that together make up the national jigsaw are doing, Business Insider ranked the 50 states (and DC) on six economic measures.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

The US economy continues to keep chugging along in one of the longest expansions in modern history, with respectable overall economic growth and a strong jobs market.

But for most Americans, the local economic situation is just as important as the overall national economy. Here's a look at how the economies in each of the 50 states and DC are doing right now.

Business Insider combined six measures of labor-market and general economic health for all the states and the District of Columbia: the unemployment rate, job growth, per-capita GDP, GDP growth, average weekly wages, and wage growth. By putting all those on a common scale and combining them, we came up with an overall score for each state's economy.

Click here to see our detailed sources and methods.

Overall, most states are doing pretty well. Similar to the nation as a whole, unemployment rates tend to be fairly low, and GDP and wage growth are fairly strong across the board.

As in previous versions of our ranking, Washington, DC, came out on top. The Mountain West made a very strong showing as well, with Utah, Wyoming, and Colorado all scoring very highly on our measures.

Here's how the economy of each state and DC is doing right now:

51. Mississippi's per capita GDP of $39,037 and average weekly wage of $729 were the lowest among the 50 states and DC, while its unemployment rate of 5.0% was the third highest.



50. Michigan's job growth rate of 0.4% was the seventh lowest in the country and its unemployment rate of 4.2% was tied for tenth highest.



49. Maryland's GDP growth rate of 1.8% was the third lowest among the states and DC, and its job growth rate of 0.1% was the second lowest.



48. Rhode Island's wage growth rate of 1.0% was the lowest in the country, and its GDP growth rate of 2.2% was the sixth lowest.



47. Kentucky's per capita GDP of $47,738 was the eighth lowest among the states and DC, and its average weekly wage of $806 was the sixth lowest.



46. Louisiana's unemployment rate of 4.3% was tied for eighth highest in the country. Louisiana was the only state with negative job growth between June 2018 and June 2019, with a decline of 0.1% in non-farm payroll jobs.



45. North Carolina's unemployment rate of 4.1% was tied for twelfth highest in the country, and its average weekly wage growth rate of 1.9% was the fourth lowest.



44. Pennsylvania's wage growth rate of 2.3% was the sixth lowest in the country. Its GDP per capita of $63,193 was very close to the average of $63,182 among the states and DC.



43. Ohio's wage growth rate of 2.5% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the eighth lowest among the states and DC, and its non-farm payroll job growth rate of 0.5% over that same year was the ninth lowest.



42. Wisconsin's unemployment rate of 2.9% was tied for eighth lowest in the country, but its wage growth rate of 1.4% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the second worst.



41. Maine's GDP per capita of $49,329 was the tenth lowest among the states and DC, while its average weekly wage of $841 was eighth lowest.



40. Alaska's GDP growth rate of 3.9% was tied for sixth best in the country, but its unemployment rate of 6.4% was the worst among the states and DC.



39. Hawaii's GDP growth rate of 1.2% was the lowest among the states and DC, but its unemployment rate of 2.8% was tied for fifth best.



38. Montana's GDP per capita of $47,103 and its average weekly wage of $826 were both the seventh lowest among the states and DC.



37. South Carolina's average weekly wage of $850 was the ninth lowest in the country, and its per-capita GDP of $46,567 was the sixth lowest.



36. Missouri's GDP growth rate of 2.3% was tied for eighth lowest in the country. Its unemployment rate of 3.3% was lower than the average rate of 3.6% among the states and DC.



35. Arkansas' wage growth rate of 7.4% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the sixth highest among the states and DC, while its per capita GDP of $43,400 was the second lowest.



34. Iowa's unemployment rate of 2.4% was the third best in the country, but its GDP growth rate of 2.3% was tied for eighth lowest.



33. Tennessee's GDP growth rate of 2.4% was the tenth lowest in the country, but its non-farm payroll job growth rate of 1.7% between June 2018 and June 2019 was above the average rate among the states and DC of 1.3%



32. Indiana's unemployment rate of 3.5% was a bit better than the average rate among the states and DC of 3.6%, while its per capita GDP of $55,988 was a bit lower than the average of $63,182.



31. Georgia's wage growth rate of 2.1% was the fifth lowest in the country, but its GDP growth rate of 3.1% was a little higher than the average rate of 3.0% among the states and DC.



30. Idaho's job growth rate of 2.3% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the eighth highest in the country, but its per capita GDP of $45,320 was the fourth lowest.



29. New Hampshire's unemployment rate of 2.5% was the fourth best among the states and DC, but its wage growth rate of 1.6% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the third worst.



28. Connecticut's per capita GDP of $78,933 and average weekly wage of $1,111 were both the fifth highest in the country.



27. New Jersey's average weekly wage of $1,039 was the seventh highest in the country but its GDP growth rate of 1.8% was tied for third lowest.



26. Vermont's unemployment rate of 2.1% was the lowest among the states and DC, but its wage growth rate of 2.8% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the ninth worst.



25. Alabama's per capita GDP of $46,366 was the fifth lowest among the states and DC, but its job growth rate of 1.9% was higher than the average rate of 1.3%.



24. Minnesota's average weekly wage of $1,032 was the ninth highest in the country, but its non-farm payroll job growth rate of 0.3% between June 2018 and June 2019 was the fifth lowest.



23. Illinois' unemployment rate of 4.3% was tied for eighth highest in the country, but its per capita GDP of $69,714 was above the average of $63,182 among the states and DC.



22. New Mexico's GDP growth rate of 4.6% was the third highest among the states and DC, but its average weekly wage of $778 was the second lowest.



21. Florida's job growth rate of 2.5% was the seventh highest in the country, but its per capita GDP of $50,362 was below the average of $63,182 among the states and DC.



20. Nebraska's job growth rate of 0.5% was the tenth lowest in the country, but its unemployment rate of 3.0% was below the average rate among the states and DC of 3.6%.



19. Arizona's job growth rate of 2.8% was the second best in the country, but its unemployment rate of 4.9% was tied for fourth worst.



18. Kansas' wage growth rate of 8.0% was the fifth best in the country, an its GDP growth rate of 3.1% was a bit above the average rate of 3.0% among the states and DC.



17. Oklahoma's GDP growth rate of 3.9% was tied for sixth highest in the country, and the state's wage growth rate of 6.7% was ninth highest.



16. Oregon's job growth rate of 1.9% was the twelfth highest in the country, but its unemployment rate of 4.1% was higher than the average rate among the states and DC of 3.6%.



15. Virginia's unemployment rate of 2.9% was tied for eighth lowest in the country, and its average weekly wage of $1,026 was the eleventh highest.



14. West Virginia's GDP growth rate of 5.2% was the best in the country, but its unemployment rate of 4.7% was the sixth worst.



13. Delaware's per capita GDP of $79,700 was the fourth highest in the country, and its GDP growth rate of 3.9% was the sixth highest.



12. South Dakota's job growth rate of 2.6% was the fifth highest among the states and DC, and its unemployment rate of 2.9% was tied for eighth lowest.



11. Massachusetts' per capita GDP of $84,281 and average weekly wage of $1,136 were both the third highest in the country.



10. New York's per capita GDP of $88,055 was the second highest in the country, and its average weekly wage of $1,068 was the sixth highest.



9. California's average weekly wage of $1,131 was the fourth best among the states and DC, but its unemployment rate of 4.2% was tied for tenth worst.



8. North Dakota's GDP growth rate of 3.9% was tied for sixth highest in the country, and its unemployment rate of 2.3% was the second lowest.



7. Wyoming's wage growth rate of 8.7% was the second highest among the states and DC, and its job growth rate of 2.0% was the ninth highest.



6. Washington's job growth rate of 2.7% was the third highest in the country, and its average weekly wage of $1,192 was the second highest.



5. Texas' GDP growth rate of 5.1% was the second highest in the country, and its job growth rate of 2.5% was the sixth highest.



4. Nevada's job growth rate of 3.3% was the highest among the states and DC, and its GDP growth rate of 4.0% was the fifth highest.



3. Colorado's average weekly wage of $1,037 was the eighth highest in the country, and its job growth rate of 1.9% was the tenth highest.



2. Utah's GDP growth rate of 4.2% was the fourth highest in the country, and its unemployment rate of 2.8% was tied for fifth lowest.



1. DC's per capita GDP of $205,068 and average weekly wage of $1,683 were by far the highest in the country, but its unemployment rate of 5.6% was the second worst.



This is how we ranked the economies of the 50 states and DC

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  • We recently ranked the economies of the 50 US states and Washington, DC.
  • We used six economic measures: unemployment, job growth, GDP per capita, GDP growth, average wages, and wage growth.
  • Here's where we got our data from, and how we combined it to make an overall snapshot of economic health.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

In our ranking of the economies of the states and DC, we looked at six measures of economic health.

Each measure was rescaled to allow us to compare them to one another. We calculated z-scores for each state on each measure, which rescales each variable based on its average and standard deviation.

To make the combined ranking, we added together the six indicator z-scores for each state to create an overall economic index.

Here are the sources for each of our measures:

  • June 2019 unemployment rate: The most recent unemployment rate for each of the states and DC came from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Local Area Unemployment Statistics program.
  • Percent change in nonfarm payroll jobs, June 2018-June 2019: We calculated the rate of increase or decrease in nonfarm payrolls, also taken from the Local Area Unemployment Statistics data.
  • Q1 2019 GDP per capita: Every quarter, the Bureau of Economic Analysis releases its estimates of the GDP of each state and DC. We used this and the Census Bureau's estimates of the population of each state as of July 1, 2018, the most recently available data, to calculate GDP per person.
  • Q1 2019 GDP growth: The BEA also releases estimates of GDP growth for the states and DC every quarter in the above release.
  • June 2019 average weekly wage: We took this from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' State and Metro Area Employment, Hours and Earnings program.
  • Change in average weekly wage, June 2018-June 2019: This also came from the State and Metro Area Employment, Hours, and Earnings program.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Kylie Jenner is the world's second highest-paid celebrity. Here's how she makes and spends her $1 billion.

This IBM manager moved from Brazil, learned to code, and now leads a worldwide organization to teach women how to be data scientists (IBM)

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Gabriela De Queiroz

  • Gabriela de Queiroz, senior engineering and data science manager at IBM, leads a team of data scientists and software engineers to contribute to open source artificial intelligence projects.
  • Outside of her day job, she is the co-founder of R-Ladies, a worldwide group that teaches women how to program in R — a programming language usually used in data science and statistics.
  • de Queiroz says that even though she learned to code much later in life and faced language barriers, she says it's never too late to get started.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Gabriela de Queiroz, senior engineering and data science manager at IBM, never even began to learn about AI programming until she moved from Brazil to the United States. 

Nowadays, she's leading a team of data scientists and software engineers at IBM who create and contribute to open source AI projects like TensorFlow, the popular AI framework created by Google.

And that's just her day job. In her free time, she's the founder and organizer of a global meetup called R-Ladies — a group for women to learn the programming language R, commonly used in statistics. While she's recently come into the AI field, she's been a data scientist and statistician at heart for much longer than that. 

"I'm an R person," de Queiroz told Business Insider. "I've been using R for 12 years now. R is a big part of who I am. I'm very involved in the R community. R is the thing I'm most passionate about."

de Queiroz now makes it her mission to make AI in general, and R programming in particular, more accessible to larger groups. At IBM, her team is focused on making AI better and more useful for any developer, even if they don't have a background specifically in the field. With R-Ladies, she works to make women feel welcome in the tech industry and get them comfortable learning new skills.

"It's important to have a community and a safe place where you can be yourself and ask questions without judgment," de Queiroz said.

A non-traditional path

de Queiroz says she had a non-traditional path to tech. Back in Brazil, she studied epidemiology and conducted research on how air pollution affects people's health. She then spent some time working as a music producer. 

In 2012, though, de Queiroz moved to San Francisco, where she obtained a masters degree in statistics. After that, she worked at startups doing data science, until she joined IBM last year, where her love for data lent itself well to her newfound interest in AI. 

Read more:These are the programming languages that are used by America's most valuable startups, from Airbnb to WeWork

With Portugeuse as her first language, de Queiroz recalls that it took her a while to get up to speed in programming due to language barriers. When she was studying programming in school, she had to record her classes, listening to them over and over again to understand what her teacher was saying.

Most of the world's programming languages are in English, which can make it more difficult for people who are not native English speakers.

"When you want to learn how to program, you need to learn how to program, and you need to learn English," de Queiroz said. "I would write something, and I would not get what was going on."

'Like going to Disneyland'

de Queiroz first learned R when she was still doing air pollution analysis in Brazil, and continued to study the field when she moved to San Francisco. Soon after she moved, she discovered the meetup scene and started going to meetups everyday. 

"When I moved here in 2012, it was kind of like going to Disneyland," de Queiroz said. "When you're a kid, you go to Disneyland and think, wow, there's so much I can learn here and go and do. I felt wow, there's this meetup thing and you can go to a meetup and you can learn for free and get food for free. That's perfect. It's free knowledge and free food."

Soon, she decided to start a meetup of her own to teach R to others. However, she noticed pretty quickly that these spaces were dominated by men. She says she would usually stay in a corner and not feel safe about asking questions. It was a similar situation in Brazil, de Queiroz recalls, but no less frustrating.

"It's a very male-dominant culture so we don't have much voice. You can say something, but they will not listen to whatever you have to say or you have to be careful about the things you talk about or the way you say things," de Queiroz said.

So, she decided to create a meetup focused on women, and she launched the first R-Ladies meetup in October 2012. 

It wasn't a complete hit at first. At the first meetup, there were only eight people. de Queiroz says she felt disappointed, until someone told her that there likely weren't that many people at the meetup that day because it was Halloween.

"Regardless, I got very good feedback, and I decided to keep learning and going," de Queiroz said.

'Hey, there's no competition here'

Since then, R-Ladies has grown to become a worldwide organization with more than 100 chapters in 40 countries. As for de Queiroz, she became the first Latino invited to join the R Foundation, where she serves today. And nowadays, IBM, her employer, sponsors R-Ladies, making it more than just her side project. 

She recalls that at an R-Ladies event in Indonesia, the women were sitting at the front learning, while their husbands were in the back taking care of their children. 

"I thought that was so fantastic because in some cultures, the women have to stay with the child and they cannot learn, but they have their husbands there being so supportive and taking care of the children in the corner while their wives were learning," de Queiroz said. "That picture amazed me. I was like, wow, that's so amazing to see this kind of thing in this community."

For people who have never learned to program, de Queiroz says it's never too late. 

"When you talk to people in tech, they say, 'I've been programming since I was 9. I made my first robot when I was 7,'" de Queiroz  said. "I learned not to compare myself with others. I've been programming for maybe 10 years, and they've been programming for 20 to 30 years…I've allowed myself to say hey, there's no competition here. I bring a lot of things to the table."

SEE ALSO: Software intelligence company Dynatrace soared 49% on its first day of trading. Its top execs explain how a 'technology refresh' helped the company grow.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: This is the shortest route for a road trip across the US to see 50 national landmarks

Here's how much money everyone who works in America's houses of worship make every year

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  • Religious organizations in the US employ a wide variety of workers.
  • Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we found what the typical worker in a variety of occupations employed by religious organizations earns.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

While ministers and clergy are the figureheads of America's many houses of worship, there's a whole team of workers who keep churches, synagogues, mosques, and temples running from day to day.

Using data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Occupational Employment Statistics program, we found out what those workers all earn.

According to that report, houses of worship employed a total of 196,460 Americans in May 2018, the most recent period for which data is available. Median annual pay across all workers in the industry was $35,850, somewhat below the median in all industries of $38,640.

Here's the median annual pay for each occupation tracked by the BLS with at least 1,000 employees in the religious organizations industry, ranked from lowest- to highest-paying, along with how many employees there are in religious organizations:

SEE ALSO: 50 maps that explain how America lives, spends, and believes

30. Childcare workers make an annual salary of $23,660.

Total employed in the US: 7,470

What they do, according to O*NET: Childcare workers take care of young children, usually dressing, feeding, or playing with them. In addition to monitoring their play, childcare workers talk to parents or guardians about their children.



29. Teacher assistants make an annual salary of $24,790.

Total employed in the US: 4,320

What they do, according to O*NET: Teacher assistants help teachers in classrooms with teaching and monitoring children, sometimes as part of a career path to becoming teachers themselves.



28. Receptionists and information clerks make an annual salary of $26,430.

Total employed in the US: 3,300

What they do, according to O*NET: Receptionists and information clerks greet people and answer questions either on the phone or in person. They also might schedule meetings and appointments, file records, and manage complaints. 



27. Janitors and cleaners make an annual salary of $26,580.

Total employed in the US: 11,140

What they do, according to O*NET: Janitors and cleaners keep buildings clean and orderly using equipment ranging from brooms and mops to carpet cleaners and floor waxers.



26. Maids and housekeeping cleaners make an annual salary of $27,090.

Total employed in the US: 2,790

What they do, according to O*NET: Maids and housekeeping cleaners keep neat and orderly rooms, whether they're cleaning bedrooms, offices, bathrooms, or hallways.



25. Landscaping and groundskeeping workers make an annual salary of $27,930.

Total employed in the US: 1,470

What they do, according to O*NET: Landscaping and groundskeeping workers take care of lawns, plants, and trees. Their duties include sod laying, mowing, trimming, planting, and watering, along with keeping the area free of general trash and debris.



24. Recreation workers make an annual salary of $28,130.

Total employed in the US: 1,680

What they do, according to O*NET: Recreation workers organize and promote activities, which can range from arts and crafts to sporting events, sometimes to fundraise for a community organization.



23. All other religious workers make an annual salary of $28,750.

Total employed in the US: 6,470

What they do, according to O*NET: This position is made up of all the other religious workers who aren't in any main categories.



22. Institution and cafeteria cooks make an annual salary of $29,080.

Total employed in the US: 1,410

What they do, according to O*NET: Institution and cafeteria cooks prepare large quantities of buffet-style food, both for employees and guests.



21. Office clerks make an annual salary of $30,550.

Total employed in the US: 8,450

What they do, according to O*NET: Office clerks perform any number of office-related tasks, including answering phones, sending emails, filing records, filling out paperwork, and communicating with customers.



20. Secretaries and administrative assistants make an annual salary of $32,580.

Total employed in the US: 15,230

What they do, according to O*NET: Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants organize conference calls, schedule meetings, and take care care of other clerical functions and administrative support.



19. Preschool teachers make an annual salary of $33,610.

Total employed in the US: 9,200

What they do, according to O*NET: Preschool teachers instruct preschool-aged children. They also make sure children are socializing, behaving, and playing with each other.



18. Maintenance and repair workers make an annual salary of $34,070.

Total employed in the US: 6,730

What they do, according to O*NET: Maintenance and repair workers make sure mechanical equipment is running smoothly. This includes pipe fitting, boiler repairs, welding, carpentry, and other general building repairs.



17. Social and human service assistants make an annual salary of $35,160.

Total employed in the US: 1,060

What they do, according to O*NET: Social and human service assistants provide support for families or conduct programs relating to substance abuse, relationship therapy, and rehabilitation. 



16. Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks make an annual salary of $38,020.

Total employed in the US: 5,970

What they do, according to O*NET: Bookkeeping, accounting, and auditing clerks keep track of financial data and maintain financial records. They also work with state and federal policies and ensure business transactions are accounted for.



15. Religious activities and education directors make an annual salary of $38,550.

Total employed in the US: 17,330

What they do, according to O*NET: Religious activities and education directors oversee any community events, sometimes relating to volunteer work. They also spread the word for events through newsletters or announcements.



14. Audio and video-equipment technicians make an annual salary of $39,360.

Total employed in the US: 1,070

What they do, according to O*NET: Audio and video equipment technicians set up microphones, speakers, projectors, and other equipment for use in events like concerts or presentations.



13. Music directors and composers make an annual salary of $39,680.

Total employed in the US: 4,370

What they do, according to O*NET: Music directors and composers conduct, arrange, and rehearse with musical acts.

 



12. Self-enrichment education teachers make an annual salary of $41,560.

Total employed in the US: 5,220

What they do, according to O*NET: Self-enrichment education teachers usually teach non-traditional classes, like ballet, ceramics, or swimming, sometimes after school hours.



11. Clergy make an annual salary of $43,880.

Total employed in the US: 23,390

What they do, according to O*NET: Clergy perform a wide variety of tasks relating to worship, including conducting services, prayers, and providing spiritual guidance to worshippers, regardless of faith.



10. All other business operations specialists make an annual salary of $44,040.

Total employed in the US: 1,240

What they do, according to O*NET: This job title encompasses many positions, including security management specialists, business continuity planners, sustainability specialists, and online merchants.



9. Elementary-school teachers make an annual salary of $45,080.

Total employed in the US: 2,510

What they do, according to O*NET: Elementary school teachers teach children from Kindergarten to fifth grade.



8. Musicians and singers make an annual salary of $49,296.*

Total employed in the US: 9,610

What they do, according to O*NET: Musicians and singers typically perform songs during various community events or during religious services.

*BLS doesn't include annual figures for this occupation; this annual median was estimated by Business Insider using the hourly median wage provided by BLS.



7. Secondary-school teachers make an annual salary of $50,650.

Total employed in the US: 1,790

What they do, according to O*NET: Secondary-school teachers teach children in middle and high school.



6. Fundraisers make an annual salary of $50,940.

Total employed in the US: 1,100

What they do, according to O*NET: Fundraisers organize events or other ways of gathering money to fund religious organizations. 



5. Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants make an annual salary of $52,290.

Total employed in the US: 2,180

What they do, according to O*NET: Executive secretaries and executive administrative assistants organize conference calls, schedule meetings, and take care care of other clerical functions and administrative support.



4. First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers make an annual salary of $53,350.

Total employed in the US: 2,300

What they do, according to O*NET: First-line supervisors of office and administrative support workers supervise customer support workers, usually in call centers.



3. Public relations specialists make an annual salary of $54,020.

Total employed in the US: 1,090

What they do, according to O*NET: Public relations specialists promote people, companies, or institutions, and organize media events relating to their clients.



2. Accountants and auditors make an annual salary of $64,270.

Total employed in the US: 1,650

What they do, according to O*NET: Accountants and auditors analyze financial records for any errors, usually prepared by other bookkeepers.



1. General and operations managers make an annual salary of $87,240.

Total employed in the US: 2,710

What they do, according to O*NET: General and operations managers oversee other workers in a variety of tasks, whether they're administrative tasks or manual labor.



There's a record number of immigrant-founded companies on the Fortune 500, despite Trump-era policies

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  • A new report found that 45% of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children.
  • Some of the biggest Fortune 500 companies fall into that category, like Amazon, Apple, Tesla, and Alphabet, Google's parent company.
  • The report indicates that the number of immigrant-founded or children-of-immigrant-founded businesses has grown since last year.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

A new report finds that 45% of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or their children, among them tech heavy-hitters like Amazon, Apple, Tesla, and Google parent company Alphabet.

While the contribution of immigrants to startups has long been known, these recent findings are increasingly relevant due to President Donald Trump's policies affecting migration. Most recently, the current administration has tightened asylum rules for migrants by making it harder for family members to receive protection, which could keep thousands from seeking refuge in the US.

According to the report, conducted by research organization New American Economy, the 45% of companies founded by immigrants or their children generated $16.1 trillion in revenue in 2018, a higher proportion than in previous years.

The number of companies on the list has also increased: there were 204 in 2011, and 223 in 2019. Of those, 101 were founded by people born outside the US, and 122 were founded by the children of immigrants. Famous examples abound: Amazon founder Jeff Bezos' adoptive father was Cuban, Apple cofounder Steve Jobs' biological father was Syrian, Tesla cofounder Elon Musk is South African, and Google cofounder Sergey Brin was born in Russia. (In other words, a world without immigrant founders would mean you couldn't google Amazon return policies on your iPhone after parking your Tesla.)

Immigrant entrepreneurs under Trump

According to the Pew Research Center, the US is home to more immigrants than any other country, with the foreign-born population reaching a record 44.4 million in 2017. Immigrants are also projected to drive future growth in the working-age population by adding nearly 18 million people of working age through at least 2035.

Despite these projections, experts say the Trump administration's hardline approach to immigration is deterring newcomers. In fact, net migration to the US fell 12% from fiscal year 2017 to fiscal year 2018, according to the Census Bureau.

"Folks around the world are thinking twice about making the journey to the US to start a business or to pursue their higher education dreams," Ali Noorani, executive director of nonprofit advocacy group National Immigration Forum, told Business Insider. "I think the Trump administration has taken a wrecking ball to our legal immigration system. Our economy, in the long run, is much less competitive."

Some Trump-era policies affecting the flow of migrants include slowing down legal immigration proceedings, according to the New York Times. Applying for a green card is more difficult, with wait times doubling since 2017.

Still, the country's favorable polices for startups and small businesses continue to be a driving force for migration to the US, the Harvard Business Review reports. This appreciation of America's opportunities not only gives immigrants a competitive edge, it helps them not take their success for granted, says Ibrahim AlHusseini, a Jordan-born serial entrepreneur.

"This idea that somehow, somebody is a real American who loves America more than someone else, and that an immigrant is here to take something away from someone is false," AlHusseini told Business Insider. "In fact, I attest that somebody who moves here from any place else in the world actually has a greater and more nuanced love for this country because they have contrast."

AlHusseini moved to the US for college, then remained after founding his first startup. In 2013 he founded FullCycle, an investment company working to reverse the effects of climate change. As an advocate for immigrant business owners, he advises entrepreneurs in other countries looking to make it big in the US to not be discouraged by the current political climate.

"Don't listen to the fear-mongering out there and realize that this is just a small bump in the road, and this is a very long road," he said. "Don't give up on that, and don't let any characters on Twitter or on television scare you off."

SEE ALSO: Trump is escalating efforts to restrict immigration by ending asylum protections for most migrants

DON'T MISS: 50 maps that explain how America lives, spends, and believes

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella: America's immigration policy is one of our biggest competitive advantages


Becoming a 'big picture' thinker is one of the best ways to succeed at work. Here's how.

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  • To achieve career success, you have to understand how your job helps your company fulfill its purpose.
  • That's according to Martha Delehanty, HR chief at Verizon, and Neil Irwin, New York Times reporter and author of "How to Win in a Winner-Take-All World."
  • Seeing your work in a broader context will help you perform better and develop relevant skills.
  • Click here for more BI Prime content.

Successful people see the big picture.

They get ahead because they know how they can best make an impact — on their team, on their organization, and even on the world.

Figuring this out is simpler than it sounds. Career experts and executives say it comes down to a key question that every ambitious professional should be able to answer: What is my company's purpose?

And with that: how does your work fit into that purpose? Once you know how those pieces fit together, you'll be a more valuable asset to your company and your industry.

Understanding why your job exists will make you a better employee

It doesn't matter if you work in sales, recruiting, or any other department.

Martha Delehanty, senior vice president of human resources at Verizon, said knowing exactly why you're showing up to work every day will motivate you to perform better. It's something she's observed over 20 years in Verizon HR.

"Building links to why the company exists and how the company makes money — and being very clear on that — is probably one of the biggest keys to success," Delehanty told Business Insider at the From Day One conference in June.

Scientific research backs up Delehanty's observation.

Read more: A clever Harvard experiment with cafeteria workers suggests a simple way to get better work from your employees

For example, a 2014 Harvard Business School study found that college cafeteria workers served students faster — and students were more satisfied — when the workers and the students could see each other, compared to when they couldn't.

And a 2007 University of Michigan study found that university call center employees performed better when they met beneficiaries of the scholarships they were trying to raise money for.

In both cases, employees appeared to be motivated by seeing the tangible results of their effort. One of the authors on the cafeteria-workers study explained it to the Harvard Business Review. "Think about an office job where your head is down and you're just processing paperwork all the time and are separated from the customer," said HBS professor Ryan W. Buell. "If suddenly the beneficiary of your labor is visible to you, it could change how you feel about the work." 

Understanding the purpose of your daily tasks can also help you succeed in the long term.

Neil Irwin, the New York Times' senior economics correspondent and the author of "How to Win in a Winner-Take-All World" told Business Insider that viewing your work in a broader context can enable you to "see around corners." Specifically, you'll be able to answer questions like, "Where is value being created? What parts of this business are driving it forward? What are things that might get automated out of existence or face new competitive pressures?"

When you have a solid grasp of how your company and industry are evolving, Irwin said, you'll know which skills you need to develop in order to stay relevant. 

Start by asking how your work connects to your manager's

When it comes to linking your job to your company's purpose, it's OK to start small. The first step is to figure out how your work connects to your manager's.

On The Muse, Lea McLeod recommends finding out, "What is the most important thing your boss cares about?" Maybe it's hours billed; maybe it's new customers reached. Whatever the answer, McLeod writes that it can help you "see exactly how you and your team fit into the bigger picture."

The best way to gather this information is simply to ask your boss outright what their priorities are. Former Googler and Facebook exec Libby Leffler recommends that new employees see if their goals match up with their manager's by saying: "Here are the things I believe we should focus on for the next few months. Are these aligned with your expectations of where you think we should go?"

You can also do a time audit to make sure your daily tasks are the ones that create the biggest impact. Former Google HR exec Justin Angsuwat previously told Business Insider that "the single best way to impress your boss is showing you can prioritize the things that matter and then executing well on those things."

As you advance at your organization, thinking about those questions can help you pinpoint your next move.

Business Insider previously spoke to Sharfi Farhana, senior vice president of talent acquisition and management at ANGI Homeservices, about how she invented an executive position — head of executive recruitment at IAC — from scratch. That role allowed Farhana to brand herself as a talent-management expert, and eventually launched Farhana into her current position.

Farhana said her initial pitch to her boss was essentially: "Here's the data behind all of the executive hires we've made internally. … Here are the cost savings of having had those roles filled internally versus going externally." That is to say, she emphasized how the new role would help the company achieve its financial goals.

Even beyond impressing your boss, a sense of purpose can make the difference between tolerating your job and loving it. To be sure, purpose has always been important to employees. But Delehanty thinks it's more meaningful today than ever before.

Read more: A simple shift in mindset can help you find meaning and happiness in even the most soul-sucking work

Beyond compensation and benefits, she said, feeling "that my work is linked to something bigger than myself" is now "a bigger part of the employee value proposition." The implication: Connect to the organizational mission, and you won't just further your performance, but feel more engaged, too.

SEE ALSO: Experts say 'learnability' is the most important skill you'll need to stay relevant at your job. Here's what it is, and how to tell if you have it

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Ray Dalio shares what he's learned from his succession plan at the world's largest hedge fund

The 30 most successful Harvard Business School graduates of all time

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Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg.

If you want to be an executive, billionaire, or US president, it's a good idea to go to Harvard Business School.

Harvard offered the world's first master's in business administration program in 1908, and the Harvard MBA has since been a hallmark of the elite, with George W. Bush, Mitt Romney, and Michael Bloomberg all earning the degree.

We sifted through HBS's sterling history to find the most powerful, prominent, and financially successful grads who came out of Cambridge.

Here are the most successful people to graduate from Harvard Business School, in order of graduation year.

NOW READ: The 20 best college towns in America to start your career

Walter Haas Jr., class of 1939

Haas succeeded his father as the CEO of Levi Strauss & Co, growing it from a regional California brand to one of the world's biggest apparel companies.



Philip Caldwell, class of 1942

Caldwell took over as the first non-Ford family member to run Ford Motor Company, where he led one of the biggest turnarounds in American business history.



Stephen R. Covey, class of 1957

Covey became tremendously influential after publishing his bestselling book "The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People."



Michael Bloomberg, class of 1966

After receiving his MBA, Bloomberg went on to found financial data company Bloomberg LP in 1981 before serving three terms as the mayor of New York City. An active philanthropist, Bloomberg has donated over $6 billion to a range of causes. 



Henry Paulson, class of 1970

Paulson spent 32 years at Goldman Sachs, working his way up to CEO. From 2006 to 2009 he served as the US Treasury Secretary, up until the financial crisis. Now he's chairman of the Paulson Institute, which promotes sustainable economic growth and a clean environment.



Ray Dalio, class of 1973

Dalio is the highly influential founder and co-chief investment officer of Bridgewater Associates, the world's largest hedge fund with $150 billion in total assets under management. He's worth an estimated $19.4 billion.

Read out recent long-form interview with him here.



Mitt Romney, class of 1974

After getting his MBA, Romney had a long career with Bain Consulting. He was elected governor of Massachusetts in 2002 and has since been a presidential candidate.



George W. Bush, class of 1975

Former president George W. Bush graduated from HBS before working in the oil business, owning the Texas Rangers, becoming governor of Texas, and then serving two terms as commander-in-chief.



Jim Koch, class of 1978

Koch left management consulting to found Boston Beer Company, which makes Samuel Adams. A leader in the craft beer movement, he's now worth $1.4 billion.



Ann S. Moore, class of 1978

After getting her MBA, Moore went on to the top of the publishing industry, becoming the first female CEO of Time, Inc. in 2002. She is now running The Curator Gallery, a fine art gallery in New York City.



Meg Whitman, class of 1979

Whitman served as chairman, president, and CEO of Hewlett-Packard from 2011 to 2015, leading HP through a major transformation, by splitting the company into enterprise and hardware. She's now the CEO of Quibi, a short-form video platform, and is worth an estimated $3.8 billion.



Chase Carey, class of 1981

After finishing his MBA, Carey started a successful media career. He helped launch Fox News and FOXSports served as CEO of DirecTV. He is now the executive chairman and CEO of the Formula One Group.



Jamie Dimon, class of 1982

Dimon is the chairman, president, and CEO of JPMorgan Chase, the largest of the big four American banks. In 2015, he became one of the first banking executives to become a billionaire.



Jeffrey Immelt, class of 1982

Immelt was the chairman and CEO of General Electric until 2017. He was selected as Jack Welch's successor in 2001 and has been named one of the "World's Best CEOs" three times by Barron's.



Raymond McGuire, class of 1984

McGuire is the head of global banking at Citigroup, Inc. After graduating in 1984, McGuire spent time as managing director of mergers and acquisitions at Merrill Lynch and Morgan Stanley. He also serves on several philanthropy boards and is an activepolitical donor.



Ana Patricia Botín (graduation year unknown; 1980s)

Ana Patricia Botín got her MBA in the '80s and is one of the most powerful banking executives in the world. She recently stepped up as executive chairwoman of Santander Group of Spain when her father died, after having led the bank's UK branch.



Sheryl WuDunn, class of 1986

After getting her MBA, WuDunn went on to become a private wealth advisor at Goldman Sachs and a business executive and journalist for the New York Times. She has co-authored four best-selling books, including "Half the Sky," and won a Pulitzer Prize for international reporting in China with her husband Nicholas Kristof.



Michael Lynton, class of 1987

Lynton served as CEO of Sony Entertainment and the chairman and CEO of Sony Pictures, which has produced a number of Oscar-nominated films. Since 2017, he's been the chairman of Snap, which operates popular social media app Snapchat.



Abigail Johnson, class of 1988

Abigail Johnson got her MBA in 1988, which is also when she joined Fidelity Worldwide Investment. Today she serves as the chair of Fidelity; she ranks among the richest women in the world, with an estimated net worth of $15.5 billion.



Len Blavatnik, class of 1989

Blavatnik was the richest man in Great Britain, with a current net worth of $17.4 billion. His privately held industrial group Access Industries has investments in real estate, natural resources, and media. In 2013, he donated $50 million to his alma mater.



Bill Ackman, class of 1992

Bill Ackman is the founder of the $8.2 billion hedge fund Pershing Square Capital and one of the most influential activist investors on Wall Street.



Mark Pincus, class of 1993

Pincus is the cofounder of social media gaming company Zynga. He returned as the company's CEO in 2015 for just one year, and today he's worth around $1.3 billion.



Darren Huston, class of 1994

Huston became president and CEO of popular travel booking service Priceline in early 2014, after spending almost three years as CEO of Microsoft Japan. Huston was also the CEO of Booking.com, and has served as senior vice president of branded products and new ventures at Starbucks.



Sheryl Sandberg, class of 1995

Sandberg is largely credited with making Facebook profitable. The 1995 HBS alum initiated a global conversation about women and work with her bestselling book "Lean In."



Jason Kilar, class of 1997

Kilar built his career by spending 10 years as an executive at Amazon. He stepped down as CEO of Hulu to head streaming service Vessel, which raised $57.5 of Series B funding.



Sal Khan, class of 2003

Khan is the founder of the popular online learning site Khan Academy, which has received funding from the Gates Foundation and Google.



Ray Hatoyama, class of 2008

Rehito "Ray" Hatoyama joined the team at Sanrio Company (owner of the wildly popular Hello Kitty brand) when he graduated from HBS. As managing director and COO, he's seen the market cap rise from $500 million to $3.5 billion in seven years, from 2008 to 2015.



Jenn Hyman and Jenny Fleiss, class of 2009

Hyman and Fleiss were classmates at HBS and went on to cofound Rent the Runway. The e-commerce fashion company is valued at $1 billion as of March 2019, after their latest fundraising round, which brought $125 million from Franklin Templeton Investments and Bain Capital Ventures.



Hayley Barna and Katia Beauchamp, class of 2010

Barna and Beauchamp also met at HBS, and went on to cofound Birchbox together. The fast-growing beauty e-commerce service was valued at $485 million in 2015, but that number has since dropped after the company struggled with growth. In October 2018, Walgreens partnered up with Birchbox to sell Birchbox beauty lines in its stores. 



Matt Salzberg, class of 2010

Salzburg is the founder and CEO of Blue Apron, the New York-based meal planning and delivery service that was valued at $2 billion. That valuation has gone down steeply since the company went public in 2017, amid plummeting subscription sales. As of December 2018, it was valued at $128 million.



The 50 most underrated colleges in America

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University of Houston

  • There are many wonderful colleges and universities in the US that are sometimes overlooked in major rankings.
  • College preparation and admissions consulting firm CollegeVine identified 50 colleges that offer great educational and career opportunities but don't always appear at the top of traditional lists.
  • Binghamton University, San Jose State, and City College of New York land in the top five.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

While top-rated US colleges are household names, there are plenty of other, sometimes overlooked, schools that offer great educational and career opportunities.

College preparation and admissions consulting firm CollegeVine assembled a ranking of the most underrated colleges and universities in the US. To compile the ranking, it evaluated several career- and outcome-based metrics for each of the schools, including cost of attendance and financial aid, career outcomes, and overall return on investment.

Read more: Here's the most educated town in every state

Schools were given a score out of 100 for each of those metrics, with schools being rewarded for scoring better on those measures than their traditional rankings from publications like US News & World Report would suggest.

Here are the 50 most underrated colleges in the US, according to CollegeVine's measures:

50. Hofstra University

Location: Hempstead, New York

Overall score: 79.0

Career outcomes score: 86

Cost and financial aid score: 64

Return on investment score: 87



49. Carnegie Mellon

Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Overall score: 80.7

Career outcomes score: 99

Cost and financial aid score: 64

Return on investment score: 79

 



48. Stevens Institute of Technology

Location: Hoboken, New Jersey

Overall score: 81.0

Career outcomes score: 88

Cost and financial aid score: 70

Return on investment score: 85



47. University of Oklahoma

Location: Norman, Oklahoma

Overall score: 81.7

Career outcomes score: 76

Cost and financial aid score: 92

Return on investment score: 77



46. University of Arizona

Location: Tucson, Arizona

Overall score: 82.3

Career outcomes score: 76

Cost and financial aid score: 96

Return on investment score: 75



44 (tie). University of Delaware

Location: Newark, Delaware

Overall score: 83.0

Career outcomes score: 75

Cost and financial aid score: 93

Return on investment score: 81



44 (tie). Brigham Young University

Location: Provo, Utah

Overall score: 83.0

Career outcomes score: 81

Cost and financial aid score: 85

Return on investment score: 83



43. Bucknell University

Location: Lewisburg, Pennsylvania

Overall score: 83.7

Career outcomes score: 89

Cost and financial aid score: 76

Return on investment score: 86



42. North Carolina State University

Location: Raleigh, North Carolina

Overall score: 84.3

Career outcomes score: 76

Cost and financial aid score: 92

Return on investment score: 85



41. American University

Location: Washington, DC

Overall score: 84.7

Career outcomes score: 93

Cost and financial aid score: 68

Return on investment score: 93



40. Virginia Tech

Location: Blacksburg, Virginia

Overall score: 85.3

Career outcomes score: 76

Cost and financial aid score: 97

Return on investment score: 83



38 (tie). Saint Louis University

Location: St. Louis, Missouri

Overall score: 86.0

Career outcomes score: 86

Cost and financial aid score: 84

Return on investment score: 88



38 (tie). Case Western

Location: Cleveland, Ohio

Overall score: 86.0

Career outcomes score: 95

Cost and financial aid score: 79

Return on investment score: 84



37. University of Arkansas

Location: Fayetteville, Arkansas

Overall score: 86.3

Career outcomes score: 79

Cost and financial aid score: 97

Return on investment score: 83



36. Louisiana Tech

Location: Ruston, Louisiana

Overall score: 87.3

Career outcomes score: 81

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 82



35. Louisiana State

Location: Baton Rouge, Louisiana

Overall score: 88.0

Career outcomes score: 81

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 84



33 (tie). Oregon State University

Location: Corvallis, Oregon

Overall score: 88.7

Career outcomes score: 82

Cost and financial aid score: 96

Return on investment score: 88



33 (tie). San Diego State

Location: San Diego, California

Overall score: 88.7

Career outcomes score: 82

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 85



32. The College of New Jersey

Location: Ewing Township, New Jersey

Overall score: 89.0

Career outcomes score: 84

Cost and financial aid score: 97

Return on investment score: 86



31. Oberlin College

Location: Oberlin, Ohio

Overall score: 89.3

Career outcomes score: 97

Cost and financial aid score: 77

Return on investment score: 94



30. University of Nebraska – Lincoln

Location: Lincoln, Nebraska

Overall score: 89.7

Career outcomes score: 87

Cost and financial aid score: 98

Return on investment score: 84



29. Ursinus College

Location: Collegeville, Pennsylvania

Overall score: 90.0

Career outcomes score: 92

Cost and financial aid score: 88

Return on investment score: 90



27 (tie). University of Illinois – Chicago

Location: Chicago, Illinois

Overall score: 90.7

Career outcomes score: 89

Cost and financial aid score: 96

Return on investment score: 87



27 (tie). University of Kansas

Location: Lawrence, Kansas

Overall score: 90.7

Career outcomes score: 86

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 87



25 (tie). Drexel University

Location: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Overall score: 91.0

Career outcomes score: 95

Cost and financial aid score: 85

Return on investment score: 93



25 (tie). Kansas State University

Location: Manhattan, Kansas

Overall score: 91.0

Career outcomes score: 87

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 87



24. Miami University – Oxford

Location: Oxford, Ohio

Overall score: 91.3

Career outcomes score: 92

Cost and financial aid score: 89

Return on investment score: 93



21 (tie). University of New Mexico

Location: Albuquerque, New Mexico

Overall score: 91.7

Career outcomes score: 85

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 91



21 (tie). Oklahoma State University

Location: Stillwater, Oklahoma

Overall score: 91.7

Career outcomes score: 85

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 90



21 (tie). University of Texas – El Paso

Location: El Paso, Texas

Overall score: 91.7

Career outcomes score: 83

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 92



20. Texas Tech University

Location: Lubbock, Texas

Overall score: 93.0

Career outcomes score: 88

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 92



19. University of Utah

Location: Salt Lake City, Utah

Overall score: 93.3

Career outcomes score: 89

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 91



18. University of Idaho

Location: Moscow, Idaho

Overall score: 93.7

Career outcomes score: 90

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 91



14 (tie). Santa Clara University

Location: Santa Clara, California

Overall score: 94.0

Career outcomes score: 98

Cost and financial aid score: 87

Return on investment score: 97



14 (tie). University of Missouri

Location: Columbia, Missouri

Overall score: 94.0

Career outcomes score: 91

Cost and financial aid score: 98

Return on investment score: 93



14 (tie). University of Wyoming

Location: Laramie, Wyoming

Overall score: 94.0

Career outcomes score: 90

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 92



14 (tie). Washington State University

Location: Pullman, Washington

Overall score: 94.0

Career outcomes score: 93

Cost and financial aid score: 97

Return on investment score: 92



13. Loyola University Maryland

Location: Baltimore, Maryland

Overall score: 94.3

Career outcomes score: 98

Cost and financial aid score: 87

Return on investment score: 98



10 (tie). Wellesley College

Location: Wellesley, Massachusetts

Overall score: 95.0

Career outcomes score: 100

Cost and financial aid score: 86

Return on investment score: 99



10 (tie). University of Iowa

Location: Iowa City, Iowa

Overall score: 95.0

Career outcomes score: 93

Cost and financial aid score: 97

Return on investment score: 95



10 (tie). West Virginia University

Location: Morgantown, West Virginia

Overall score: 95.0

Career outcomes score: 91

Cost and financial aid score: 100

Return on investment score: 94



9. Babson College

Location: Wellesley, Massachusetts

Overall score: 95.3

Career outcomes score: 100

Cost and financial aid score: 86

Return on investment score: 100



7 (tie). Fordham University

Location: New York, New York

Overall score: 95.7

Career outcomes score: 99

Cost and financial aid score: 89

Return on investment score: 99



7 (tie). University of Texas – Austin

Location: Austin, Texas

Overall score: 95.7

Career outcomes score: 95

Cost and financial aid score: 92

Return on investment score: 100



6. Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Location: Worcester, Massachusetts

Overall score: 96.0

Career outcomes score: 96

Cost and financial aid score: 94

Return on investment score: 98



5. George Mason University

Location: Fairfax, Virginia

Overall score: 96.3

Career outcomes score: 99

Cost and financial aid score: 91

Return on investment score: 99



4. City College of New York

Location: New York, New York

Overall score: 97.0

Career outcomes score: 97

Cost and financial aid score: 98

Return on investment score: 96



3. Binghamton University

Location: Binghamton, New York

Overall score: 97.3

Career outcomes score: 99

Cost and financial aid score: 95

Return on investment score: 98



2. University of Houston

Location: Houston, Texas

Overall score: 98.0

Career outcomes score: 95

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 100



1. San Jose State

Location: San Jose, California

Overall score: 99.3

Career outcomes score: 99

Cost and financial aid score: 99

Return on investment score: 100



'Everyone thought I had a dream job. Here’s what they didn’t know.'

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interview meeting boss coworkers

  • Everyone has a dream job, the position they constantly aspire to. But what happens when you nail the interview and land the position — and it's not what you thought?
  • For people who have landed that ideal position, it can be particularly difficult to admit it's taking a toll. 
  • These seven women all had their dream jobs and found some major downsides, including everything from ulcers to addiction. Here's how they dealt with it.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories. 

When Megan Hellerer told friends and family that she landed a job at one of the world's top tech companies, they were instantly impressed. "People talked about it like being admitted to a top-tier college — you 'got in,'" she recalls. 

Several years in, though, she knew that what everyone else considered a dream job wasn't the right job for her. She found herself deeply unhappy, struggling just to get to work each day, and increasingly having anxiety attacks and episodes of crippling depression. 

But at the same time, she felt like she couldn't complain. "I assumed that something must just be inherently wrong with me that I couldn't figure out how to make it work, and I was ashamed that I couldn't just be grateful for this incredible job," she says. 

Megan Hellerer

Megan Hellerer

Then: Business Development at a major tech company

Now: Founder and CEO of Megan Hellerer Coaching for Underfulfilled Overachievers and WTF Am I Doing with My Life?

As she eventually realized, though she felt isolated, she wasn't alone. In fact, many people who have what looks like an amazing job from the outside have behind-the-scenes struggles they're afraid to share. 

We wanted to hear their stories, so we sat down with six other women who had "dream jobs" with downsides they tried to hide. Here, they share their experiences and offer their advice to anyone in the same position.

SEE ALSO: I'm a recruiter who's placed hundreds of senior professionals. Here are 5 things hiring managers know that job seekers don’t.

“I had an ulcer from the stress.”

Then: Communications at a global fashion brand

Now: Owner and CEO, Wonder Woman Media

Remember on "Friends," when Rachel scored a job at the NYC headquarters of Ralph Lauren? That was Hope Alcocer's real life — except for that she had no time to see her friends at Central Perk. "It was so many hours in and out of the office, I turned to caffeine pills, coffee, and energy drinks to be able to get it all done," she recalls. "I began having panic attacks every morning en route to work and couldn't keep in my breakfast or lunch because of nerves and anxiety."

Eventually, she was diagnosed with a stomach ulcer from the stress. She also learned that her co-workers were having similar issues. "My boss struggled with such anxiety, depression, and panic because executive leadership was horrendous," she says. From that point on, she realized the job wasn't worth her health, and she came up with Plan B. 

During breaks at work, she started working on a book — which has a scary, then happy, ending. "Word got to management that I was working on personal goals during my break, and I was fired," she explains. "I remember thinking that the world was ending. But I began writing my first novel, finding a new (remote) job that allowed me to build my own client list on the side, and my health immediately improved. My life was no longer as glamorous, but I was so much happier." 

Her advice: "If you find yourself feeling resentful that you're spending 40-80 hours a week building someone else's dream instead of your own, it's time to reassess."



“The travel was draining me.”

Then: Sales for a travel company

Now: CEO and Founder, Brielle Friedman Creative

Brielle Friedman has always been passionate about visiting new places. So when she landed a job doing sales for a travel company, she was thrilled. "The company paid for transportation and accommodation, so it seemed like I was getting paid to travel to some pretty awesome places," she remembers. 

The reality? "I never stayed in one place long enough to explore, and I was living in budget hotels, trying to use the Wi-Fi at random fast food restaurants to send follow-up emails in between long drives from one location to the next," she explains. Worse, she didn't feel fulfilled by the actual work, which made her feel depressed and lethargic.

Luckily, she was able to shift roles within her company, bringing her back to a schedule and work responsibilities that were more aligned with her lifestyle. "Flash forward a few years: I was directing all marketing initiatives, managing an eight-person team, and had developed and implemented a marketing strategy that helped the company grow from $10m to $36m in annual revenue," she explains. Plus, she then had the time and energy to travel for fun, and to pursue her other passion, salsa dancing!

Her advice: "Traveling for work sounds like a great perk, but in reality, it can be hard to create strong personal relationships when you're moving around so much. If you value deep friendships and take time to make new connections, a travel-heavy role may not be the best fit."



“The entire industry was collapsing.”

Then: Associate publisher of a major media brand

Now: Co-Founder and Coach, The Resting Mind

Jackie Ghedine had a high-powered job at "the holy grail of business to business publishing," she explains. And not only did the gig look great on paper, she loved it: She had inspiring co-workers, she was constantly learning from the media executives she worked with, and she was thrilled by the opportunity to run and build a brand. 

The problem? "The media industry was collapsing on itself," she explains. "We had to find new ways to bring in revenue, so we were continuously creating new business units and opportunities to capture ad dollars." While some organizations have been able to find their footing, Jackie explains, her company wasn't making the investments in technology necessary for keeping up in the digital age.

"I felt like I was pushing a tremendous boulder uphill, and I knew I couldn't get to the top no matter how hard I worked," she explains. "At first it just meant longer hours, more in-market meetings, and being always-on at home — and then I realized it was destroying me." Ultimately, she realized that if the company couldn't pivot, she needed to, and she ultimately left the job. 

Her advice: In larger organizations, there can be a tremendous disconnect between those on the street and their understanding of the needs in the marketplace and executive buy-in and vision. When these two ideas are not in alignment, it is almost impossible to shift corporate perspectives and by trying to do so, you can burn out and get disenchanted or unhappy.



“I was paid less than my male colleagues.”

Then: Columnist at a major tech magazine

Now: Professional Speaker and Author of Her Big Idea

When Haley Hoffman Smith was only 20 years old, she scored her own column at a big tech and entrepreneurship magazine. It was not only her dream job — she was great at it, and the column was quickly started getting both her and the publication a lot of attention. 

But she wasn't being recognized for her efforts — not by a long shot. "Even though my work was bringing unprecedented attention to the company, and my article views were lapping the Editor in Chief's article views, I was blatantly informed that I was paid less than my male counterparts." The company kept pushing off her requests for a raise, so she eventually quit. 

Her advice: "Never sacrifice your worth just because a job looks great to others. I'm proud of the work I did, and I'm proud of the hard decision I made to leave. It caused me great pain at the time, but the self-respect I earned is invaluable."



“My business model wasn’t working.”

Then and Now: CEO and co-founder, Impact Chain Lab

Aishwarya Balaji launched her blockchain innovation lab focused on global development long before the current crypto hype. So when blockchain became mainstream, people thought she had the most amazing job. 

And in some ways, she did: "I was traveling all around the world, meeting fascinating people, speaking at conferences (I even gave a TEDx), and innovating with the most cutting edge technology to solve the world's biggest problems," she recalls.  

But working a still-emerging field brings with it all kinds of ambiguity — a tough environment for a new business. "I was working in an industry with a tremendous amount of uncertainty with a lot of people who didn't have the public's best interests at heart, but rather wanted to make a quick buck," she explains. "The ambiguity surrounding the technology caused the ecosystem to be extremely volatile, which made it harder to build a company in the more traditional way." 

Ultimately, the company decided to pivot away from its original model — consulting and incubating — and instead focus on tackling one specific problem, using emerging technology and data to reduce subjectivity and make wellness navigation easy through their platform, Bystander. It was the right move for the company and for Aishwarya: "I've never been happier," she adds.  

Her advice: "It is really easy to get caught up in doing things just to maintain public perception, but eventually that starts to weigh on you. If you left a stable career to follow your passion and you later find out that your passion has evolved, it's more than okay to shift directions." 



“I struggled with addiction.”

Then: Ad sales at a major tech company

Now: Founder, Brooke Taylor Coaching & Consulting

Brooke Taylor's job was working with big advertising agencies to find brand success on social platforms. And in some ways, she loved working for such a respected company. "Part of my identity was tied up with being an employee there,'" she says. "I secretly enjoyed the positive assumptions people made in their head when I told them I worked there." 

But having her identity tied to work had its downsides, too. "Like many ambitious women, I had a belief that my success was equal to my worthiness," she says. "This created a manic, insatiable ambition to succeed at all costs, which manifested in workaholism, drinking alcohol to cope with the unworthiness, and not reporting a harassment." Brooke says she struggled in silence. "Working seven days a week is accepted and even applauded, and alcoholism is stigmatized and never spoken about in corporate settings."

She finally broke down, asked for help from the onsite therapist at her company, got sober, used her newfound voice to report the harassment, and realized what she really wanted to do: coaching emerging female leaders to help them break into management. "I left the dream job and have found balance, fulfillment and, most importantly, I found myself again." 

Her advice: "Asking for help is a leadership skill and is required for women who want to make an impact on the world. We cannot do it alone — and you don't have to." 

"I'm doing exactly what I'm meant to be doing"

The lesson from all of these women? If an on-paper "dream job" doesn't feel like a dream to you, don't force it. It's not worth your happiness and health.

Megan Hellerer, mentioned earlier, says that leaving her dream job was the most profound and transformational breakthrough of her life. "I'm happy to report that it is, in fact, it is possible to find work that doesn't feel like work, to look forward to Monday as much as Friday, and to wake up every morning (ok, most mornings) and think 'I am doing exactly what I am meant to be doing.'"

Her final words of advice? "A job can be a great job ... and still not be YOUR job. There is simply no one objectively great job, or one objectively great company to work for, that applies to everyone." 

Dreamers // Doers mission is to increase the number of successful ventures launched by women. It consists of Collective, a high-impact community reaching over 25,000 women globally, and Onyx, a highly curated private members' collective for value-driven female founders, trailblazers, and change-makers.

 



25 great jobs that let you have a life outside of work

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family dinner

  • Unplugging after you clock out of work has become increasingly difficult.
  • Some jobs have a better work-life balance than others, allowing their employees to enjoy their time at home rather than being glued to their phone or email.
  • We rounded up 25 jobs with the best work-life balance, and how much they pay. 
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

In most jobs, the line between work and personal life is rapidly disappearing.

Thanks to 24/7 connectivity, it's easy to check email and put in extra hours on nights, weekends, and even during vacations, says Scott Dobroski, Glassdoor's community expert.

"Inevitably, there are some jobs that may require more attention during and out of normal office hours," Dobroski tells Business Insider. "Before accepting a job, job seekers should do their research to understand the hours that are expected in the role, where and how they can get their work done, and the overall nature of the job."

Think it's impossible to find a well-paid job that allows you a life outside of work? Think again. There are plenty, even in the tech sector.

Glassdoor last released a report on jobs that provide the best work-life balance in 2016. However, Sarah Stoddard, another community expert at Glassdoor, explains that certain fields will usually have a better work-life balance than others.

"Jobs in technology, business operations, and marketing tend to tout strong work-life balance compared to those in other industries, which is a reflection of the high demand for this skilled talent. For those with sought-after technical and soft skills, especially in today's tight labor market, job seekers have more options to decide where they want to work and what they expect often goes beyond having a high-paying salary and strong workplace culture," Stoddard tells Business Insider. "For employers, this means that promoting flexible working and work-life balance is an effective way of attracting top talent in a hot job market."

Here are the 25 jobs employees have said offered the best balance between work and personal life, as well as the current average annual salary, according to Glassdoor.

SEE ALSO: 3 reasons companies like LinkedIn, Virgin, and Netflix are giving their employees 'unlimited' vacation

25. Computer programmer

Work-Life balance rating: 3.7

Average annual salary: $67,090

What they do: Develop the part of the website that users interact with.



24. Client manager

Work-Life balance rating: 3.7

Average annual salary: $78,545

What they do: Liaise between a company and its clients.



23. Recruiting manager

Work-Life balance rating:3.8

Average annual salary: $76,315

What they do: Support hiring managers and businesses in all aspects of hiring.



22. Marketing coordinator

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $47,793

What they do: Develop and maintain marketing campaigns, track the success of those campaigns. 



21. Project analyst

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $61,657

What they do: Ensure the project stays on course by tracking the budget, finances, and success of the team in completing tasks. 



20. Data analyst

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $61,657

What they do: Interpret data, analyze results using statistical techniques, and provide ongoing reports.



19. Technical editor

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $54,247

What they do: Review materials written by tech writers for clarity and accuracy. 



18. Content manager

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $64,367

What they do: Write, edit, and proofread website content.



17. Web designer

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $57,470

What they do: Design the look and feel of a website using skills like color scheming, graphic design, and information flow.



16. PHP developer

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $93,987

What they do: Create web-based products such as PHP, MySQL, Ajax, and JavaScript, develop back-end components, and help front-end web developers with implementing their code with the programs. 



15. Social media manager

Work-Life balance rating: 3.8

Average annual salary: $55,199

What they do: Devise and implement a company's social media marketing strategy.



14. Library assistant

Work-Life balance rating:3.9

Average annual salary: $24,878

What they do: Assist library patrons, check out books, organize the library inventory.



13. Substitute teacher

Work-Life balance rating: 3.9

Average annual salary: $29,501

What they do: Fill in for teachers when they are absent from school.



12. SCRUM master

Work-Life balance rating: 3.9

Average annual salary: $93,285

What they do: Acts as a leader for their team, protects their team from outside interruptions or distractions, and boosts overall morale. 



11. Marketing analyst

Work-Life balance rating: 3.9

Average annual salary: $60,823

What they do: research and analyze market trends, competitors, potential and existing customers, and current campaigns.



10. Research engineer

Work-Life balance rating: 3.9

Average annual salary: $89,758

What they do: Perform scientific research and conduct experiments. 



9. DevOps Engineer

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $89,758

What they do: Work with software engineers to develop operational programs. They also troubleshoot and resolve issues in companies' dev, test and production environments. 



8. Mobile developer

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $97,445

What they do: Develop and maintain mobile programs and applications that are user-friendly and free of bugs and software issues. 



7. Technical Account Manager

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $75,831

What they do: Develop and maintain relationships with clients, handle technical problems, offer technical support to customers and clients. 



6. Recruiting Coordinator

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $51,101

What they do: Manage job postings for new hires and handle initial contact with potential candidates.



5. UI Designer

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $80,450

What they do: Work closely with UX designers and other design specialists to make sure the design provides a seamless experience for the user or customer. 



4. Strategy Manager

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $125,899

What they do: Responsible for developing and assessing a company's short-term and long-range goals, both qualitative and quantitative, as well as how to reach those goals. 



3. Data scientist

Work-Life balance rating: 4.0

Average annual salary: $117,345

What they do: Extract insights from large volumes of data in various forms.



2. User experience (UX) designer

Work-Life balance rating: 4.1

Average annual salary: $90,697

What they do: Improve the usability, accessibility, and pleasure provided in the interaction between the user and the product.



1. Corporate Recruiter

Work-Life balance rating: 4.1

Average annual salary: $58,661

What they do: Find candidates to fill executive, mid-level, and entry-level positions for the companies they are hired by. 



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